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ABSTRACT The expression ‘you need to know to conserve’ is a well-known cliche among biologists. Documenting the richness of a group of organisms is the first step towards understanding biodiversity and preparing efficient conservation plans. In this context, many efforts have been made to quantify the number of species on Earth and estimate the number of species still unknown to science. A few countries have complete and integrated databases estimating the approximate number of species recorded for their territory, particularly in the Global South. In Brazil, a country of continental dimensions, revealing the richness of the second most diverse clade of invertebrates (=Mollusca) has been a goal of taxonomists. Recently, in an unprecedented, collective, and integrated effort among Brazilian malacologists, it was possible to estimate how many valid species of molluscs are there in Brazil. In this effort, more than 30 mollusc experts joined together to update the Taxonomic Catalogue of the Brazilian Fauna (TCBF), a governmental website that allows a quick and real-time updating of all Metazoan. So far, more than 5,000 updates have been made in TCBF, indicating the presence of 3,552 valid species of molluscs in Brazil, distributed among the main clades as follows: Caudofoveata (10 spp.), Solenogastres (6 spp.), Polyplacophora (35 spp.), Scaphopoda (43 spp.), Cephalopoda (92 spp.), Bivalvia (629 spp.) and Gastropoda (2,737 spp.). The present study, in addition to demonstrating for the first time the richness of Brazilian molluscs, also presents the state of the art of this important phylum of invertebrates highlighting its most representative and neglected groups.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1984-4689.v40.e23026

Oral health policies and decision-making process in Brazil, Colombia and Chile decisionmaking decision making Brazil
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GALANTE, Mariana Lopes

; CORNEJO-OVALLE, Marco Antonio

; OTÁLVARO-CASTRO, Gabriel Jaime

; PATIÑO-LUGO, Daniel Felipe

; PISCHEL, Nicole

; GIRALDES, Amanda Iida

; CARRER, Fernanda Campos de Almeida

Brazilian Oral Research

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2023, Volume 37 elocation e051

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract Public health policies are crucial for the well-being of the general population; however, the health systems of developed countries still do not include oral health in its system. Thus, it is necessary to understand the process of decision-making in oral health policies to create opportunities for countries to achieve an overall positive health outcome, including oral health. This study aimed to identify the factors influencing the inclusion of oral health on the political agenda in Brazil, Colombia, and Chile. The study sample involved decision-makers at political, technical, and academic levels. The extracted data were analyzed using the software Maxqda® and Kingdon´s theoretical model; defining interactive variables that produce a “window of opportunity” to define the agenda and the insertion of theme in formulating public policies. The decision-making process regarding oral health is influenced by many factors like the need to improve the overall oral health of the population, identified through national epidemiological studies, and the importance of individuals in positions involving political decision-making, who advocate for oral health. Strategies were developed in partnership with the academy that focused on the health rights of the population provided by law; territorial and national programs were also developed. The inclusion and creation of oral health policies depend on actors who advocate for thematic and scientific evidence to support decision-making. A close relationship between academia and stakeholders and knowledge translation is important for the development of public policies that can be effective for health systems. wellbeing well being however system Thus decisionmaking decision making outcome Brazil Colombia Chile decisionmakers makers technical levels Maxqda Kingdons Kingdon s model window opportunity studies decisionmaking, making, law decisionmaking. making.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-3107bor-2023.vol37.0051

Influence of abutment and connection type on implant-abutment connection rigidity: an in vitro study
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Mendes, Teresa Almeida

; Vilhena, Luís Miguel

; Portugal, Jaime

; Caramês, João

; Ramalho, Amílcar Lopes

; Lopes, Luís Pires

Revista Portuguesa de Estomatologia, Medicina Dentária e Cirurgia Maxilofacial

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Set 2022, Volume 63 Nº 3 Páginas 134 - 140

Resumo: En Pt | Texto: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract Objectives: To evaluate the effects of the abutment material and the connection type on the implant-abutment connection rigidity. Methods: The study evaluated eighteen implants with three different types of connections: external-hexagon, tri-channel, and conical connection. Half of the implants were connected to titanium abutments, and the other half to zirconia abutments, forming six study groups (n=3). The implants were submitted to 1,200,000 load cycles with a force amplitude of 90 N. During load application, the implant-abutment connection rigidity was determined in each cycle. The values obtained were analyzed with the two-way ANOVA test according to the abutment and connection types. Results: Rigidity tended to increase during loading cycles. The abutment material did not influence rigidity (p=0.883). The external-hexagon connection presented lower rigidity than the internal connections, with statistically significant differences (p=0.013). Conclusions: The abutment material does not influence the implant-abutment connection’s rigidity. The external-hexagon connection proved to be less rigid and stable than the internal connections.

Resumo Objetivos: Avaliar o efeito do tipo de pilar e do tipo de conexão na rigidez da ligação implante-pilar, quando o conjunto é submetido a cargas cíclicas. Métodos: Foram avaliados 18 implantes com três tipos diferentes de conexões: hexágono externo, tri-channel e conexão cónica. Metade dos implantes foram conectados a pilares de titânio e a outra metade a pilares de zircónia, formando 6 grupos experimentais (n=3). Os implantes foram submetidos a 1.200.000 ciclos de carga com uma amplitude de forças de 90 N. Durante a aplicação das cargas, foi calculada a rigidez da ligação implante-pilar para cada ciclo. Os valores obtidos foram analisados com o teste ANOVA de duas vias de acordo com o tipo de pilar e de conexão. Resultados: Verificou-se uma tendência para o aumento da rigidez ao longo dos ciclos de carga. O tipo de pilar não influenciou a rigidez (p=0,883). Quanto às conexões, o hexágono externo apresentou valores de rigidez inferiores aos verificados nas conexões internas, sendo a diferença estatisticamente significativa (p=0,013). Conclusões: Não se verificaram alterações na rigidez implante-pilar de acordo com o tipo de pilar. O hexágono externo demonstrou ser uma conexão menos rígida e estável comparativamente às conexões internas.

https://doi.org/10.24873/j.rpemd.2022.10.880

Effectiveness of ceramics chair-side polishing - 2D and 3D roughness evaluation
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Sampaio Fernandes, Manuel

; Almeida, Paulo Júlio

; Almeida, Paulo Rocha

; Portugal, Jaime

; Martins, Ramiro Carneiro

; Figueiral, Maria Helena

Revista Portuguesa de Estomatologia, Medicina Dentária e Cirurgia Maxilofacial

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Set 2022, Volume 63 Nº 3 Páginas 126 - 133

Resumo: En Pt | Texto: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract Objectives: Considering the need for intraoral polishing of zirconia restorations, this in vitro study aimed to 1) evaluate the 2D and 3D surface roughness of different types of ceramic after their finishing and polishing and 2) compare three polishing techniques using three different polishing kits. Methods: Seventy-two specimens were obtained from two types of 3Y-TZP zirconia. After sintering, a layer of a glass-based fluorapatite veneering ceramic was applied over 24 specimens of one of the zirconia ceramics. Thus, three ceramic surfaces were set: Prettau Anterior, Prettau Zirconia, and IPS e.max Ceram. The specimens were polished with a universal or specific polishing kit (n=12). After polishing, the specimens were analyzed using white-light interferometry. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests were used (α=0.05). Results: The polishing kit used did not significantly (p=0.514) affect the surface roughness of Prettau Anterior. Regarding Prettau Zirconia, the zirconia-specific polishing kit allowed a higher Sa and Ra than the universal kit (p=0.004 and p<0.001). Regarding glass-based ceramic, the specific kit led to a higher Ra (p<0.001), but no significant results were found in 3D. Conclusions: The universal polishing set showed the best results for Prettau Zirconia and glass-based ceramic, but no differences were found for Prettau Anterior.

Resumo Objetivos: Considerando a importância do polimento intraoral de restaurações de zircónia, este estudo in vitro teve como objetivos: 1) avaliar a rugosidade de superfície a 2 e 3 dimensões de diferentes tipos de cerâmica após o seu acabamento e polimento; e 2) comparar três técnicas de polimento usando três kits de polimento diferentes. Métodos: Foram obtidos setenta e dois espécimes de dois tipos de zircónia 3Y-TZP. Após a sinterização, foi aplicada uma camada de cerâmica feldspática sobre 24 espécimes de uma das cerâmicas de zircónia. Assim, foram avaliadas três superfícies cerâmicas: Prettau Anterior, Prettau Zirconia e IPS e.max Ceram. Os espécimes foram polidos com um kit de polimento universal ou específico (n=12). Após o polimento, os espécimes foram analisados por interferometria de luz branca. Foram utilizados os testes de Kruskal-Wallis e Mann-Whitney U (α=0,05). Resultados: O kit de polimento utilizado não afetou significativamente (p=0,514) a rugosidade de superfície da Prettau Anterior. Quanto à Prettau Zirconia, o kit de polimento específico para zircónia apresentou valores de Sa e Ra mais elevados do que o kit universal (p=0,004 e p<0,001). Relativamente à cerâmica feldspática, o kit específico apresentou um Ra mais elevado (p<0,001), mas sem diferenças significativas encontradas em 3D. Conclusões: O kit de polimento universal apresentou os melhores resultados para a Prettau Zirconia e para a cerâmica feldspática, mas não foram detetadas diferenças para a Prettau Anterior.

https://doi.org/10.24873/j.rpemd.2022.10.87

Chemical composition of soybean seeds subjected to fertilization with rock dusts
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Cunha, Gabriel Octávio de Mello

; Almeida, Jaime Antonio de

; Coelho, Cileide Maria Medeiros

Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy

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2022, Volume 44 elocation e53312

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT. Rock dusts in association with organic sources have been used in agriculture to improve soil chemical characteristics and food composition. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of the rock dusts siltstone, tephrite, and olivine melilitite pure or combined and associated or not with cattle manure on the chemical composition of soybean seeds of the cultivar BRS 232 grown on a Cambisol and Nitisol subjected to these treatments and conventional fertilization. For this, an experiment was carried out with pots in a greenhouse using a Cambisol and Nitisol to cultivate the soybean from January to May 2019 until seed production. The seeds were harvested, ground, and sieved through a 1 mm mesh sieve to determine the nutrient, phytate, and crude protein contents. The effects of the rock dusts on the chemical composition of seeds were directly related to the chemical characteristics of the evaluated soils. The tested rock dusts had a more pronounced response in the Cambisol (poorer soil) than in the Nitisol (more fertile). The contents and accumulation of nutrients in the seeds, as well as the total dry matter production in both soils subjected to the treatments with the rock dusts olivine melilitite and siltstone + olivine melilitite, pure and combined with manure, were similar and, in some cases, higher than the treatments subjected to conventional fertilization. The combination of manure and rock dusts provided an increase in the concentration of nutrients in both soils, resulting in their higher availability for plants and directly reflecting on the chemical composition of seeds.

https://doi.org/10.4025/actasciagron.v44i1.53312

Potential of olivine melilitite as a soil remineralizer according to particle size and rates
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Almeida, Jaime Antonio de

; Cunha, Gabriel Octávio de Mello

; Heberle, Daniel Alexandre

; Mafra, Álvaro Luiz

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira

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2022, Volume 57 elocation e01445

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial de pó da rocha olivina melilitito, em duas granulometrias e em doses crescentes, para melhorar as características químicas do solo e o crescimento e o acúmulo de nutrientes em plantas de soja (Glycine max) e sorgo (Sorghum bicolor). Os tratamentos consistiram de três doses de olivina melilitito, equivalentes a 2,5, 5,0 e 10 Mg ha-1, nas granulometrias de pó e filler do produto comercial. Foram realizadas análises físico-químicas e mineralógicas, tendo-se utilizado, como base, instrução normativa para pó de rocha como remineralizador de solos. As plantas de soja e sorgo foram cultivadas por 60 e 45 dias, respectivamente, em casa de vegetação, em Cambissolo Háplico Alumínico e Argissolo Vermelho Distrófico sômbrico. O pó da rocha olivina melilitito aplicado nas doses crescentes e nas duas granulometrias testadas melhorou as características químicas dos dois solos estudados e promoveu o desenvolvimento das plantas. No entanto, a granulometria filler é mais eficiente que a do pó para melhorar as características químicas dos solos e o desenvolvimento e o acúmulo de nutrientes nas plantas.

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the potential of olivine melilitite rock powder, in two particle sizes and in increasing rates, to improve the chemical properties of the soil and the growth and nutrient accumulation of soybean (Glycine max) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) plants. The treatments consisted of three rates of the rock powder, equivalent to 2.5, 5.0, and 10 Mg ha-1, in the powder and filler particle sizes of the commercial product. Physicochemical and mineralogical analyses were carried out using, as a basis, the Brazilian normative ruling on rock powder as a soil remineralizer. The soybean and sorghum plants were cultivated for 60 and 45 days, respectively, in a greenhouse on a Humic Dystrudept and a Typic Hapludult. The olivine melilitite rock powder applied in the tested increasing rates and two particle sizes improved soil chemical properties and promoted plant growth. However, the filler particle size is more efficient than that of the powder to improve soil chemical properties and plant growth and nutrient accumulation.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1678-3921.pab2022.v57.01445

Análise da soldagem multipasse utilizando delineamento experimental na manutenção de aço ASTM A131 Grau A
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Araújo, Filipe de Almeida

; Amorim, Mateus Oliveira de

; Cruz Neto, Rubelmar Maia de Azevedo

; Alves, Antônio do Nascimento Silva

; Brandi, Sérgio Duarte

; Soeiro Junior, Jaime Casanova

Matéria (Rio de Janeiro)

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2022, Volume 27 Nº 2 elocation e13210

Resumo: En Pt | Texto: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

ABSTRACT The study consists on the analysis of the relation between multibead welding and the electric current used on maintenance welding of an ASTM A131 grade A steel, by using the shield metal arc welding process and a design of experiment to identify the factors with most influence and if there is relation between the studied factors. Between the main results the heat affected zone of the samples reached the lower extremity of the plate thickness, however the hardness values for the affected extremities show a hardness value identical to the base metal. For use in a repair situation, the desired configuration would be the one presenting 2 weld beads as the CP4 (1,15kJ/mm and 1,37kJ/mm) for having the lowest microhardness values on the welded joint.

RESUMO O estudo consiste na análise da relação entre a soldagem multipasse e os valores de corrente elétrica utilizada na soldagem de manutenção de um aço ASTM A 131 grau A. Por meio do processo de soldagem de eletrodo revestido e um delineamento experimental buscou-se identificar quais os fatores mais influentes e se existe relação entre os fatores estudados. Entre os principais resultados, a zona afetada pelo calor das amostras atravessou a espessura da chapa, entretanto os valores de dureza para as extremidades afetadas demonstraram dureza idêntica ao metal de base. Para uso em uma situação de reparo, a configuração mais indicada seria a configuração com dois cordões de solda do CP4 (1,15 kJ/mm e 1,37 kJ/mm) por apresentar os menores valores de microdureza na junta soldada.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1517-707620220002.1310

Accumulation of humic substances in an Oxisol fertilized with pig slurry for 15 years
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Sacomori, Wagner

; Cassol, Paulo C.

; Mafra, Maria S. H.

; Erdemann, Luiza F.

; Almeida, Jaime A. de

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental

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Fev 2021, Volume 25 Nº 2 Páginas 109 - 115

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO O crescimento da suinocultura no Brasil tem aumentado a produção e consequente aplicação de dejetos suínos nos solos. Além de fornecer nutrientes, a aplicação continuada desse resíduo geralmente aumenta o teor de carbono orgânico. Objetivou-se neste estudo determinar o teor de carbono orgânico e sua distribuição nas frações de substâncias húmicas (ácidos húmicos, ácidos fúlvicos e huminas) num Oxisol, após 15 anos de aplicações de dejeto líquido suíno. O experimento foi implantado em 2001 cultivado com a sucessão milho-aveia sob plantio direto no município de Campos Novos, SC. Os tratamentos foram: dejeto líquido suíno nas doses 0 (Testemunha), 25, 50, 100 e 200 m3 ha-1 ano-1; adubo mineral, e dejeto líquido suíno complementado com adubo mineral, aplicados superficialmente uma vez ao ano. Foram determinados os teores de carbono orgânico nas frações ácidos húmicos, ácidos fúlvicos e humina e índice de cor da razão E4/E6 do solo nas camadas de 0-2,5; 2,5-5; 5-10; 10-20; 20-40 e 40-60 cm. O aumento das doses de dejeto líquido suíno até 100 m3 ha-1 aumentou o teor de carbono orgânico total na camada de 5-10 cm, entretanto, diminuiu a proporção das frações de ácidos fúlvicos e ácidos húmicos no solo, favorecendo a acumulação de carbono orgânico na fração humina. A razão E4/E6 foi maior no adubo mineral em comparação aos tratamentos com dejeto líquido suíno.

ABSTRACT The growth of swine production in Brazil has increased the amount of production and use of pig slurry (PS) as soil fertilizer. This product provides nutrients to plants, and a continuous application of this residue usually increases total soil organic carbon (SOC) content. The objective of this study was to determine the SOC content and its distribution into humic substance fractions (humic acids, fulvic acids, and humin) in an Oxisol annually fertilized with PS for 15 years. The experiment was implemented in 2001 with a maize and oat crop rotation under no-tillage system in Campos Novos, SC, Brazil. The treatments used were: PS at rates of 0 (Control), 25, 50, 100, and 200 m3 ha-1 year-1, mineral fertilizer, and PS combined with mineral fertilizer, applied on the soil surface once a year. The 0-2.5, 2.5-5, 5-10, 10-20, 20-40, and 40-60 cm soil layers were evaluated for SOC content in the fractions humic acid, fulvic acid, and humin, and E4/E6 ratio of humic substances. Increases in PS rates up to 100 m3 ha-1 increased the SOC content in the 5-10 cm soil layer; however, decreased the proportion of the soil fulvic acid and humic acid fractions, favoring the accumulation of organic carbon in the humin fraction. The E4/E6 ratio was higher when using the soil mineral fertilizer than that found in treatments with PS.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v25n2p109-115 541 downloads

Andic properties in soils with histic horizon “O” in the highlands of Southern Brazil
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Santos Junior, Jaime Barros dos

; Almeida, Jaime Antonio de

Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo

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2021, Volume 45 elocation e0200152

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Soils with andic properties are characterized by a low apparent density, variable charges, large amounts of allophanes, imogolite, ferrihydrite, and/or organo-metallic complexes with Al, and present high phosphate retention. Soils derived from non-pyroclastic materials rich in silicates, formed under a cold and humid climate, a large amount of organic carbon, acid weathering, andic properties can manifest when a large amount of Al is present in the form of organo-metallic complexes. This study aimed to evaluate the characteristics and geographical expression of soils with such properties in areas of altitude in the extreme south of Brazil, on the escarpment edges of the Serra Geral Formation, under a cold and humid climate. The sampling points were selected based on environmental characteristics such as geomorphology, geology, the coloration of the superficial horizon of the soil, and position in the landscape, covering a linear distance of approximately 185 km at the escarpment edge between the states of Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul. Soil samples were described and collected from ten soils with histic horizon O, three soils with humic horizon, and one soil with histic horizon H. The undisturbed soil samples were collected using volumetric metallic cylinder to determine the soil bulk density. Organic matter, pH(H2O), P retention, and selective dissolutions of Al, Fe, and Si analyses were performed. The Cambissolos Hísticos and Organossolos Fólicos showed andic properties, while the Cambissolos Húmicos and Organossolo Háplico did not meet one or more criteria, as required by the Brazilian Soil Classification System and the World Reference Base for Soil Resources. The horizons with andic properties were classified as aluandic, based on the predominance of Al associated with organic complexes. The cold climate and high cloudiness of the highest altitude areas in the extreme south of Brazil, occurring in a narrow strip of the escarpment of the Serra Geral Formation in the states of Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul, allow the formation of a constantly humid environment. This environment favors the acid weathering of the source material, accumulation of organic matter in the soil, and its stabilization by the formation of organo-metallic complexes, mainly Al-humus. The combination of these factors gives the soils with histic horizons O a low bulk density, high phosphate retention, and Alo + ½Feo ≥2 % values, meeting the criteria required for andic properties.

https://doi.org/10.36783/18069657rbcs20200152 426 downloads

10.

Key factors affecting succession in upper montane forest areas of "Planalto Sul Catarinense" Region, Brazil
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Duarte, Edilaine

; Higuchi, Pedro

; da Silva, Ana Carolina

; Lopes da Costa Guerra Sobral, Marcos Eduardo

; Bortoluzzi, Roseli

; de Almeida, Jaime Antonio

; Larsen, Janaina Gabriela

; Pizutti Dallabrida, Juliana

; Monteiro Muzeka, Luran

; Thalheimer de Aguiar, Jéssica

; Cuchi, Tarik

Bosque (Valdivia)

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2021, Volume 42 Nº 3 Páginas 353 - 364

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

SUMMARY: The understanding of the succession process is a fundamental condition in defining strategies for the conservation and sustainable use of forest ecosystems. Therefore, we aimed at testing which ecological factors affect short-term successional changes in the upper-montane forests of the “Planalto Sul Catarinense” Region, Brazil. We evaluated the influence of propagules source, soil seed bank, edaphic and topographic variables, nucleating elements and natural regeneration floristic-structural composition on demographic rates of tree-shrub regenerating component in three disturbed open vegetation areas at São Joaquim National Park. We inventoried the regenerative component in 2014, 2015 and 2016, within one 20x100 m transect in each area. Afterwards, demographic rates were determined for each period. The influence of explicative variables on demographic rates of the regenerating component was tested through the Generalized Least Square (GLS) model. We found an increment in both individuals and richness over time. When analyzing the influence of the explanatory variables on the speed of the successional process, we observed that only the floristic-structural composition of the natural regeneration was determinant. We conclude that the speed of the represented succession is, to a large extent, a feature related to the phase of the successional trajectory in which the vegetation is found.

RESUMEN: Se busca evaluar los factores ecológicos que afectan los cambios sucesionales en los bosques de la alta montaña de la región "Planalto Sul Catarinense", Brasil. Se analizó la influencia de la fuente de propágulos, banco de semillas del suelo, variables edáficas y topográficas, elementos nucleadores y composición florístico-estructural de la regeneración natural en las tasas demográficas del componente de regeneración de árboles y arbustos en tres áreas de vegetación abierta perturbada en el Parque Nacional Nacional de São Joaquim. Se inventarió el componente regenerativo en 2014, 2015 y 2016, dentro de un transecto de 20x100 m en cada área. Entonces, se determinó las tasas demográficas para cada período. La influencia de las variables explicativas en las tasas demográficas del componente de regeneración se evaluó mediante el modelo de mínimos cuadrados generalizados (GLS). Se encontró un incremento tanto en los individuos como en la riqueza a lo largo del tiempo. Al analizar la influencia de las variables explicativas sobre la velocidad del proceso sucesorio, se observó que solo la composición florístico-estructural de la regeneración natural fue determinante. Por lo tanto, se puede inferir que la velocidad de sucesión representa una característica inherente a la fase sucesional de la vegetación. Se concluye que el proceso de sucesión se desarrolló de forma diferente entre áreas, con el pastizal presentando un proceso de invasión leñosa.

19 downloads

11.

Epi and endosaturation affecting redoximorphic features and pedogenesis in subtropical soils with high textural contrast developed from sedimentary rocks
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Almeida, Jaime Antonio de

; Santos, Pablo Grahl dos

Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo

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2021, Volume 45 elocation e0210044

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Soils in the Depressão Central and Campanha Gaúcha in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, developed from sedimentary rocks are mainly Alfisols (Luvissolos, Planossolos and Plintossolos) and Ultisols (Argissolos) with high textural contrast between A and/or E horizons and clayey B horizons. Red Ultisols dominate in well-drained areas in the summit. But many soils present redoximorphic features on the backslope and footslope, with mottled and/or nodules similar to plinthite due to the oscillating of the water table above the rock or poorly permeable saprolite. Identifying morphological features, mineralogical and chemical properties, and parent material differences are essential to identify the main processes responsible for their genesis. Knowledge of the relative distribution of different forms of iron in the soil is also of particular interest when interpreting pedogenesis. This study aimed to evaluated the main process responsible for the high textural contrast in soils developed from different sedimentary lithologies, and how the redoximorphic features observed in some soils may be related to genesis of plinthites and ferrolysis processes. The study area is located in the hydrographic basin of Rio Santa Maria, in the city of Rosário do Sul – RS, Brazil (30° 15’ 28” S and 54° 54’ 50” W), average altitude of 132 m and Cfa-type climate. Topolithosequences were defined based on soils developed from lithogies of Piramboia and Sanga-do-Cabral geological formations, by choosing soil profiles according to the source material, variations in relief, altitude and hydrological conditions. Morphological descriptions, particle size determinations, chemical analysis, mineralogy of the clay fraction by XRD analysis, determination of the main forms of iron, tests to identify plinthite were performed. Argiluviation, ferrolysis and plinthization were the most active processes identified in the genesis of most studied soils. The high textural contrast on these soils was not solely due to clay illuviation processes but also ferrolysis and lithological discontinuities in some soils, indicating polygenetic origin. Redoximorphic features in most soil revealed that iron segregation in most soils occurs like mottles and not plinthite, since they did not remain aggregated after the various wetting and drying cycles.

https://doi.org/10.36783/18069657rbcs20210044

12.

Sombric-like horizon and xanthization in polychrome subtropical soils from Southern Brazil: implications for soil classification
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Chiapini, Mariane

; Oliveira Junior, Jairo Calderari de

; Schellekens, Judith

; Almeida, Jaime Antonio de

; Buurman, Peter

; Vidal-Torrado, Pablo

Scientia Agricola

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2021, Volume 78 Nº 4 elocation e20190115

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT The occurrence of dark subsurface horizons rich in organic matter (OM) associated with polychrome in the B horizon (yellowish over reddish hue) is common in soils from Southern Brazil. The formation of these horizons and the combination with such morphological attributes has not been properly documented, and neither has the cause effect relationship. Four soil profiles with such sombric-like horizons with a yellowish color at the upper part of the B horizon over red subsoil were studied in Southern Brazil. Results from micromorphology, extractable sesquioxide minerals, clay mineralogy and isomorphic substitution of Fe by Al in iron minerals showed that melanization, xanthization, bioturbation, moderate shrinking/swelling and moderate ferralitization were the most evident pedogenetic processes in role. Xanthization is closely related to the sombric-like horizon formation. In the studied area the findings demonstrated that no clay and OM illuviation had taken place. Therefore, the classification of these soils was revisited, so as to take into account the processes that underlie their genesis with emphasis on xanthization, clay illuviation and soil aggregation. The results suggest that the sombric horizon may need redefinition, unless profiles can be found in which illuviation of clay and/or OM can be proven.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-992x-2019-0115 675 downloads

13.

Terahertz Spectroscopy Applied to Diagnostics in Public Health: A Review
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Almeida, Meila Bastos de

; Schiavo, Letícia

; Esmanhoto, Elis

; Lenz, Cesar Antonio

; Rocha, Jaime

; Loureiro, Marcelo

; Kmetiuk, Louise Bach

; Biondo, Alexander Welker

; Barros Filho, Ivan Roque de

Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology

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2021, Volume 64 Nº spe elocation e21200770

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract Terahertz (THz) spectroscopy is an emerging technology that is that is bringing a number of technical breakthroughs in several scientific applications. This review aimed to describe potential applications of THz spectroscopy at the biochemistry and molecules detection for food industry, environment monitoring and diagnostics, and present the importance of such technological platform in disease control and Public Health.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4324-75years-2021200770 356 downloads

14.

Vacinação antipneumocócica em adultos com doença invasiva pneumocócica: análise num concelho do Norte de Portugal
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Silva, Tomás

; Guedes, Luís

; Almeida, Diogo Queiroz

; Malcata, Filipa

; Duarte, Gustavo

; Baptista, Jaime

Revista Portuguesa de Medicina Geral e Familiar

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Ago 2020, Volume 36 Nº 4 Páginas 335 - 340

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Objetivos: Descrever os casos de doença invasiva pneumocócica notificados em adultos residentes no concelho de Matosinhos entre 2016 e 2018 e avaliar o seu estado vacinal, de acordo com o preconizado na Norma de Orientação Clínica nº 011/2015, da Direção-Geral da Saúde, que estabelece os grupos de risco em que a vacinação antipneumocócica de adultos é recomendada em Portugal. Métodos: Análise retrospetiva dos casos confirmados de doença invasiva pneumocócica em adultos (idade ≥ 18 anos) residentes no concelho de Matosinhos, notificados através do Sistema Nacional de Vigilância Epidemiológica (SINAVE), entre 2016 e 2018. Análise descritiva dos casos e avaliação do estado vacinal de acordo com a Norma de Orientação Clínica nº 011/2015. Resultados: Observaram-se 47 casos confirmados, 66,0% com idade igual ou superior a 65 anos e 83,0% com idade igual ou superior a 50 anos. Do total, 37 casos (78,7%) apresentavam pelo menos uma das condições de risco para a doença enumeradas na norma. Destes, cinco (13,5%) tinham registo de vacinação antipneumocócica, sendo que um (2,7%) apresentava o esquema recomendado completo. Conclusões: Verificou-se uma baixa proporção de casos de doença invasiva pneumocócica com vacinação antipneumocócica prévia. Vários motivos podem justificar os resultados encontrados, sendo necessária mais investigação neste âmbito. Destaca-se a importância da idade como fator de risco, justificando a discussão da sua inclusão nas recomendações. Este estudo evidencia a importância da doença invasiva pneumocócica, assim como a necessidade de avaliar a adesão à Norma nº 11/2015, promover a vacinação antipneumocócica junto dos profissionais de saúde e da população e reavaliação dos critérios de vacinação.

Objectives: To describe all cases of invasive pneumococcal disease reported in adult residents of Matosinhos between 2016 and 2018 while assessing their vaccination status and compliance with clinical guideline no. 011/2015, which establishes the risk groups to whom pneumococcal vaccination of adults is recommended in Portugal. Methods: Retrospective analysis of the confirmed cases of invasive pneumococcal disease in adults (aged ≥ 18 years) residing in the municipality of Matosinhos, notified through the Sistema Nacional de Vigilância Epidemiológica (SINAVE) between 2016 and 2018. Descriptive analysis of the cases and evaluation of the vaccination status according to the clinical guideline no. 011/2015. Results: There were 47 confirmed cases, 66.0% in patients aged 65 years and older, and 83.0% aged 50 years or older. In all cases, 37 (78.7%) had at least one of the risk conditions for the disease listed in the guideline. Of these, five (13.5%) had pneumococcal vaccination records, and one (2.7%) had the complete recommended regimen. Conclusions: A reduced proportion of invasive pneumococcal disease cases was previously vaccinated. Several reasons may justify the results found and more research is needed. We emphasize the importance of age as a risk factor, justifying the evaluation of its inclusion in the recommendations. This study highlights the importance of invasive pneumococcal disease, as well as the need to evaluate the compliance with Portuguese guideline no. 011/2015, to promote pneumococcal vaccination among both health professionals and the general population and the need to re-evaluate the current recommendations.

https://doi.org/10.32385/rpmgf.v36i4.12676 292 downloads

15.

Medidas de distanciamento social no controle da pandemia de COVID-19: potenciais impactos e desafios no Brasil
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Aquino, Estela M. L.

; Silveira, Ismael Henrique

; Pescarini, Julia Moreira

; Aquino, Rosana

; Souza-Filho, Jaime Almeida de

; Rocha, Aline dos Santos

; Ferreira, Andrea

; Victor, Audêncio

; Teixeira, Camila

; Machado, Daiane Borges

; Paixão, Enny

; Alves, Flávia Jôse Oliveira

; Pilecco, Flávia

; Menezes, Greice

; Gabrielli, Ligia

; Leite, Luciana

; Almeida, Maria da Conceição Chagas de

; Ortelan, Naiá

; Fernandes, Qeren Hapuk R. Ferreira

; Ortiz, Renzo Joel Flores

; Palmeira, Raquel Nunes

; Pinto Junior, Elzo Pereira

; Aragão, Erika

; Souza, Luis Eugenio Portela Fernandes de

; Barral Netto, Manoel

; Teixeira, Maria Glória

; Barreto, Mauricio Lima

; Ichihara, Maria Yury

; Lima, Raíza Tourinho dos Reis Silva

Ciência & Saúde Coletiva

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Jun 2020, Volume 25 Supl. 1 Páginas 2423 - 2446

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo A pandemia de COVID-19 tem desafiado pesquisadores e gestores a encontrar medidas de saúde pública que evitem o colapso dos sistemas de saúde e reduzam os óbitos. Esta revisão narrativa buscou sistematizar as evidências sobre o impacto das medidas de distanciamento social na epidemia de COVID-19 e discutir sua implementação no Brasil. Foram triados artigos sobre o efeito do distanciamento social na COVID-19 no PubMed, medRXiv e bioRvix, e analisados atos do poder público nos níveis federal e estadual para sumarizar as estratégias implementadas no Brasil. Os achados sugerem que o distanciamento social adotado por população é efetivo, especialmente quando combinado ao isolamento de casos e à quarentena dos contatos. Recomenda-se a implementação de medidas de distanciamento social e de políticas de proteção social para garantir a sustentabilidade dessas medidas. Para o controle da COVID-19 no Brasil, é imprescindível que essas medidas estejam aliadas ao fortalecimento do sistema de vigilância nos três níveis do SUS, que inclui a avaliação e uso de indicadores adicionais para monitorar a evolução da pandemia e o efeito das medidas de controle, a ampliação da capacidade de testagem, e divulgação ampla e transparente das notificações e de testagem desagregadas.

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged researchers and policy makers to identify public safety measures forpreventing the collapse of healthcare systems and reducingdeaths. This narrative review summarizes the available evidence on the impact of social distancing measures on the epidemic and discusses the implementation of these measures in Brazil. Articles on the effect of social distancing on COVID-19 were selected from the PubMed, medRXiv and bioRvix databases. Federal and state legislation was analyzed to summarize the strategies implemented in Brazil. Social distancing measures adopted by the population appear effective, particularly when implemented in conjunction with the isolation of cases and quarantining of contacts. Therefore, social distancing measures, and social protection policies to guarantee the sustainability of these measures, should be implemented. To control COVID-19 in Brazil, it is also crucial that epidemiological monitoring is strengthened at all three levels of the Brazilian National Health System (SUS). This includes evaluating and usingsupplementary indicators to monitor the progression of the pandemic and the effect of the control measures, increasing testing capacity, and making disaggregated notificationsand testing resultstransparentand broadly available.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232020256.1.10502020 73073 downloads

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