Abstract The present work evaluated the agronomic behavior of species and varieties of Pleurotus submitted or not to the scratching technique. The cultivated species/varieties were Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus ostreatus var. Florida, and Pleurotus djamor, where half of the treatments were scratched before the first and second flushes, while the rest were only scratched before the second flush. Yield (%), biological efficiency (%), weight of mushroom (g) and number of mushrooms (uni) were evaluated. It was observed that scratching harmed the mushroom weight for P. ostreatus, where the treatment without scratching produced significantly higher values, in the first harvest flush. On the other hand, scratching favored yield and the number of mushrooms for P. djamor. When the species are compared, it is noted that P. ostreatus obtained a lower yield, which was also reflected in the biological efficiency. P. djamor stood out with a large number of mushrooms, statistically higher than the other species, on the other hand, producing mushrooms of low weight of mushroom. The use of the scratched technique is not recommended for the conditions used in the work, due to the increase in labor and loss of mushroom weight.

HIGHLIGHTS P. ostreatus and P. sapidus are the most productive species under the evaluated conditions. Different growing systems are suitable for the production of P. ostreatus var. Florida. Temperature control level affects differently the P. ostreatus var. Florida isolates. Environmental and strain factors affect yield and production parameters of P. ostreatus var. Florida.

RESUMO O cultivo do cogumelo Agaricus bisporus atingiu um elevado patamar tecnológico nos países desenvolvidos, com índices de produtividade dificilmente alcançados nos países em desenvolvimento. Essa tecnologia envolve não apenas a estrutura de produção de composto e de cultivo do cogumelo, mas também a camada de cobertura. A turfa de musgo tornou-se o material preferido nos cultivos comerciais, graças às suas características desejáveis e uniformes como camada de cobertura. O problema é que a turfa de boa qualidade não é um material disponível em todos os países, gerando a necessidade de importá-la, elevando o seu custo. Além do problema da disponibilidade, a turfa não é um material renovável, o que reforça a necessidade de se buscar materiais alternativos como camada de cobertura. Diante disso, os estudos sobre camada de cobertura devem incluir a sua resposta à indução da frutificação, uma vez que é nela onde ocorrem as principais alterações que levam ao início da formação dos primórdios e desenvolvimento dos cogumelos. Esta revisão aborda os diferentes aspectos da indução da frutificação dos cogumelos Agaricus e a influência das características da camada de cobertura sobre a produção dos cogumelos.

ABSTRACT The cultivation of button mushroom has reached a high technological level in developed countries and is associated with high productivity indices. This technological level involves not only compost production and crop management but also the casing layer. Peat has been established as one of the most appropriate casing materials for the cultivation of button mushroom due to its excellent properties. However, good-quality peat is not available in all countries, and peat is not renewable, which reinforces the need for alternative materials. Therefore, studies on the casing layer should include its response to the induction of fruiting since this stage is where the main changes that lead to the formation of primordia occur. This review addresses the different aspects of fruiting induction of Agaricus mushrooms and the influence of the characteristics of the casing layer on mushroom production.

Abstract Shiitake is an important edible and medicinal mushroom cultivated worldwide. Its cultivation involves a complex process of browning that precedes the primordia initiation. The present work through the evaluation of enzymes, lectin and β-glucan during the cultivation cycle of Lentinula edodes, the degradation of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, attempted to correlate these with mushroom yield. Strains UFLA-LE1, UFLA-LE2 and UFLA-LE6 consumed significantly more hemicelluloses than the other three strains with strain LE5 consuming significantly the most lignin of all six strains. Strains UFLA-LE4 and UFLA-LE6 were significantly the most productive. The laccase activity increased continuously until the end of the cultivation for all strains. Manganese peroxidase activities, except for UFLA-LE3, remained relatively stable. On the other hand, lignin peroxidase was the main lignin-modifying enzyme with much higher activity compared to laccase and manganese peroxidase. Tyrosinase activity was stable at an elevated level during the cultivation cycle, dramatically reaching the highest activity at the end of the cultivation period. The amounts of lectin and β-glucan varied greatly depending on the strain and the time of cultivation. Despite the many differences between strains in all evaluated parameters no direct association to the browning process was observed.

ABSTRACT Agriculture is the largest economic sector in the world. The awareness of the current environmental degradation caused by conventional farming practices has allowed the use of entomopathogenic fungi as a biological control technique to become increasingly widespread. Several studies from the laboratory bench to field trials show that fungi can be directly applied or, more recently, can be carried to the target by other biological vectors (i.e., insects), which increases their potential for dispersal and transmission. In addition, studies on the development of formulations have intensified, with the aim to enable their commercialization and reduce costs for the more sustainable management of crops. This review discusses the positive aspects of the use of filamentous fungi in the biological control of pests, specifically in terms of the use of antagonistic fungal plant pathogens and nematophagous fungi.

RESUMO A produção de Agaricus bisporus resulta em material residual significativo após seu cultivo. O substrato pós-cultivo do cogumelo (SMS), devido às suas propriedades físicas e conteúdo de nutrientes, tem um grande potencial para uso na agricultura. Nosso estudo avaliou a viabilidade do uso do SMS como substrato alternativo para a produção de mudas de tomate híbrido Paronset® e como fertilizante orgânico em sua produção. Para realizar o experimento de produção de frutos, foram utilizados três tipos de fertilizantes (SMS de A. bisporus, NPK e esterco bovino) com quatro repetições. As mudas produzidas no SMS apresentaram maiores índices de tempo e velocidade de germinação e se destacaram dos demais substratos na avaliação de qualidade de mudas. Na fase de produção de frutos de tomate, a média de produção das plantas originárias do SMS foi 20% maior que as mudas advindas do substrato comercial. As plantas cultivadas com o SMS apresentaram maior produção que as plantas cultivadas com esterco bovino incorporado ao solo. De acordo com nossos resultados, o SMS foi tão bom quanto o substrato comercial testado. Portanto, o SMS pode ser recomendado para o crescimento e nutrição da produção de mudas e denota potencial viabilidade para uso no ciclo de produção do tomate em suas diferentes fases.

ABSTRACT The production of Agaricus bisporus results in significant residual material after cultivation. Due to its physical properties and nutrient content Spent Mushroom Substrate (SMS) has great potential for use in agriculture. Our study evaluated the feasibility of using SMS as an alternative substrate for the production of Paronset® hybrid tomato seedlings and as an organic fertilizer in its production. To conduct the fruit production experiment, the plots consisted of three types of fertilizers (SMS of A. bisporus, NPK and bovine manure) with four replications. The seedlings produced in the SMS presented higher rates of germination time and speeds, and stood out from the other substrates in the evaluation of seedling quality. In the tomato fruit production phase, the average production of the plants originating from the SMS was 20% higher than the seedlings from the commercial substrate. The plants cultivated with the SMS presented higher production than the plants cultivated with bovine manure incorporated the soil. According to our results, The SMS was as good as the commercial substrates tested. Therefore, the SMS can be recommended for the growth and nutrition of seedling production and denotes potential viability for use in the tomato production cycle in its different phases.

ABSTRACT The use of hybrids strains of known origin in mushroom cultivation is not very common in Brazil. Likewise, the practice of supplementation of compost is not applied. Supplementation of compost in mushroom cultivation consists in the addition at the end of Phase II composting process. The aim of the research is the evaluation of two doses of a commercial supplement of nutritious substances in two different hybrid mushroom strains. Two crop cycles were conducted. Yields are positively affected as a result of supplementation, significantly with the smooth white hybrid strain. This strain provides more fruiting bodies and higher yields than the large off-white hybrid type, but showed smaller mushrooms. Qualitative production parameters are not affected as a result of supplementation. This practice leads to moderate increases in the temperature of the compost during the vegetative growth phase. The results confirm the interest of supplementing the compost in order to improve the productivity.

RESUMEN La utilización de variedades híbridas de Agaricus bisporus de origen conocido no es una práctica habitual en los cultivos de Brasil. Por otro lado, tampoco se encuentra establecida la práctica de la suplementación, consistente en la adición al compost de sustancias nutritivas al final de la fase II del proceso de compostaje. El objetivo del presente trabajo es el estudio del efecto sobre la producción, en cultivos de champiñón en condiciones controladas, de la aplicación al compost de dos dosis de un suplemento comercial utilizando dos variedades híbridas de champiñón diferentes. Se han llevado a cabo para ello dos ciclos de cultivo. Los rendimientos se ven positivamente afectados como consecuencia de la suplementación, de manera significativa con la variedad del tipo híbrido blanco liso. Esta variedad proporciona mayor número de carpóforos y mayores rendimientos que la del tipo híbrido blanco grueso, aunque los champiñones presentaron menor tamaño. Los parámetros de producción cualitativos no han visto afectados como consecuencia de la suplementación. Esta práctica supone incrementos moderados de la temperatura del compost durante la fase de crecimiento vegetativo. Los resultados obtenidos confirman el interés de la suplementación del compost para aumentar la productividad.

Abstract The aim of this research was to evaluate the efficiency of aqueous alkali-treated Brachiaria straw for the cultivation of appropriate species of oyster mushroom. The substrate used in the cultivation of various Pleurotus spp. was soaked for 20 min by using two different procedures: (i) 0.5–2.0% Ca(OH)2 in 100 L water, and (ii) 50–250 L water. As a result, 1% Ca(OH)2 dissolved in 100 L water and 3.5 kg of Brachiaria straw presented the best production. The most suitable species for the application of the present method were P. pulmonarius and P. sapidus. The success of this technique is directly related to the concentration of Ca(OH)2 and water, the species, and the origin and quality of raw material used as the substrate in the production of oyster mushroom.

RESUMO. A farinha de amêndoa desengordurada (DAM) é um resíduo de biomassa inútil obtido após extração de óleo. O substrato designado para o cultivo de cogumelos é formulado através de um processo de compostagem controlado utilizando subprodutos agrícolas (cama de frango e palha de trigo). Este trabalho demosntra o potencial da DAM como um suplemento de composto eficiente para o cultivo das espécies Agaricus bisporus (J.E. Lange) Imbach e Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) P. Kumm. A suplementação durante o cultivo de A. bisporus resulta em cogumelos maiores com textura firme e elevado teor de matéria seca e proteína, em comparação com o substrato não suplementado. Em P. ostreatus, a suplementação utilizando a dosagem de 15 g kg-1 proporcionou um aumentono rendimento para 31,8%, em comparação com o substrato nãosuplementado. A suplementação com DAM proporcionou rendimento equivalente ou melhor do que os suplementos comerciais. Portanto, a técnica desenvolvida avaliou o bom potencial agronômico para aplicação de DAM na escala comercial em culturas de P. ostreatus, agregando valor a um subproduto orgânico sem valor.

ABSTRACT. Defatted almond meal (DAM) is an useless biomass waste obtained after oil extraction. The substrate designed for mushroom cultivation is achieved through a controlled composting process from agricultural by-products (chicken manure and wheat straw). This work shows the potential of DAM as efficient compost supplement for culturing the species Agaricus bisporus (J.E. Lange) Imbach and Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) P. Kumm. Supplementation during A. bisporus cultivation results in larger mushrooms with a firmer texture and higher dry matter and protein contents in comparing with the non-supplemented substrate. In P. ostreatus, supplementation at a dosage of 15 g kg-1 provided a yield improvement up to 31.8%, compared to the control without supplement. The supplementation with DAM supposed equivalent or better yield than the commercial supplements. Therefore, the technique developed assessed good agronomic potential for application of DAM at the commercial scale in P. ostreatus cultures, adding value to a worthless organic by-product.

RESUMO: A doença bolha seca, causada pelo fungo Lecanicillium fungicola, provoca infecções graves que resultam em perdas significativas na produção de champignon. O controle se dá através de práticas sanitárias e do uso de fungicidas, porém no Brasil não há produtos registrados. Desta forma, este estudo objetivou avaliar o efeito de óleos essenciais extraídos de Melissa officinalis, Thymus vulgaris, Origanum vulgare, Eucalyptus globulus, Cinnamomum zeylanicum e Syzygium aromaticum sobre o desenvolvimento in vitro de isolados de L. fungicola e aplicação dos melhores óleos em teste in vivo. Além disso, a interação entre Agaricus bisporus e L. fungicola foi verificada por meio de microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). Os óleos de canela e cravo a partir da concentração 0.4% e tomilho a 0.8% inibiram o crescimento micelial do patógeno. Já a germinação de conídios foi inibida pelo óleo de canela em todas as concentrações, bem como pelos óleos de cravo e tomilho, a 0.4% e 0.8%, respectivamente. No experimento in vivo, a aplicação dos óleos essenciais pós-infestação apresentou menor incidência da doença nos cogumelos produzidos. A MEV revelou que após 19 horas da inoculação de L. fungicola em A. bisporus, os esporos já estavam completamente germinados, o que indicava a ocorrência da infecção. Assim, os resultados deste trabalho sugerem que os óleos de canela, cravo e tomilho são alternativas potenciais para o controle da doença bolha seca.

ABSTRACT: Lecanicillium fungicola, which causes Dry bubble disease, induces infections and inflicts major losses in champignon production. The control can be managed through measures of hygiene and use of fungicides; however, in Brazil there are no registered products. This study aimed to estimate the influence of various essential oils extracted from Melissa officinalis, Thymus vulgaris, Origanum vulgare, Eucalyptus globulus, Cinnamomum zeylanicum and Syzygium aromaticum on the in vitro development and their uses. Therefore, analysis was performed of the L. fungicola isolates in vitro and the best oils were tested in vivo. Besides, the Agaricus bisporus - L. fungicola interaction was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Cinnamon and clove oils in concentrations of 0.4% and thyme oil of 0.8% were identified as good growth inhibitors of the pathogenic mycelium. Effective inhibition of the conidial germination was seen in all concentrations by cinnamon oil, and by clove and thyme oils only at 0.4% and 0.8%, respectively. When the essential oils were applied post-infestation in the in vivo experiments the incidence of the disease in the mushrooms was much lower. From the SEM it was clear that 19 hours after the inoculation of A. bisporus with L. fungicola, the spores had already completely germinated, revealing the presence of the infection. Therefore, the findings of this study indicated that the oil extracts of cinnamon, clove and thyme are potential and efficient alternatives in the control of dry bubble disease.

The objective of this work was to describe the behavior of pine bark, coconut fiber, and spent mushroom substrate, as casing layers, in the button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) cultivation. After the physical, chemical and biological characterization of these casing layers, qualitative and quantitative yield parameters were evaluated in a mushroom crop cycle with four crops. The lower porosity and water retention capacity of the mineral soil without additives and the high eletrical conductivity of the post culture substrate of the mushroom used, associated with nutrient supplementation, are the determinant factors of the different agronomical behavior observed. The casing mixtures influenced mushroom yield, number of mushrooms, biological efficiency, production rate, and earliness. The best total yield was obtained using mineral soil mixed with supplemented coconut fiber. The evaluated casing layers can be used commercially for button mushroom production.

El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir el comportamiento de la corteza de pino, de la fibra de coco y del sustrato postcultivo, como capas de cobertura, en el cultivo del champiñón (Agaricus bisporus). Tras la caracterización física, química y biológica de las capas de cobertura, se evaluaron los parámetros de producción cualitativos y cuantitativos, en un ciclo de cultivo de champiñón con cuatro floradas. La menor porosidad y capacidad de retención de agua del suelo mineral, sin aditivos, y la alta conductividad eléctrica del sustrato postcultivo del champiñón utilizado, asociado a la suplementación nutritiva, son los factores determinantes en el diferente comportamiento agronómico observado. Las mezclas de cobertura influenciaron el rendimiento y el número de champiñones, la eficiencia biológica, la tasa de producción y la precocidad. El mejor rendimiento total se obtuvo con la mezcla de suelo mineral y fibra de coco suplementado. Las capas de coberturas evaluadas pueden ser utilizadas comercialmente para la producción de champiñón.

Avaliou-se as propriedades nutricionais da madeira e casca de sete espécies e três clones de eucalipto visando o cultivo de shiitake em toras. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com 10 tratamentos (tipos de eucalipto) e 3 repetições, sendo cada repetição correspondente a uma amostra mista de serragem obtida de discos coletados em alturas diferentes (9cm, meio e 14cm de diâmetro) de uma mesma árvore. As cascas foram removidas das cunhas de madeira para análise individual de ambas. As amostras foram encaminhadas ao Laboratório de Análise Química de Fertilizantes e Corretivos, pertencente ao Departamento de Recursos Naturais - Ciência do Solo - FCA/ UNESP, para a determinação da composição de macro e micronutrientes. O nitrogênio foi determinado pelo método de oxidação com ácido perclórico; o fósforo, através de extração nítrico-perclórico e determinação colorímetrica (método espectrofotométrico do ácido molibdovanadofosfórico); o potássio, por fotometria de chama; o carbono, por queima em mufla; o enxofre, por gravimetria e o cálcio, magnésio, sódio, cobre, ferro, manganês e zinco, por espectrofotmetria de absorção atômica. De acordo com os resultados obtidos e como esperado, verificou-se que o elemento S não foi detectado em nenhum dos tipos de eucalipto analisados, tanto para a casca como para a madeira; os elementos Mg, Na e Mn, para a madeira, apresentaram diferenças de teor entre os tipos de eucaliptos avaliados. Para a casca, K2O, C, Cu e Mn demonstraram possuir diferentes teores em função do tipo de eucalipto. As cascas dos tipos de eucaliptos apresentaram teores médios elevadíssimos de Ca (77x), K (3,7x), Mg (39x), Na (2,5x), Mn (26x) e Fe (1,9x) em relação às correspondentes madeiras (o elemento predominante na casca foi o Ca). Os elementos predominantes na madeira foram Ca, K, Mg e P.

The nutritional properties of wood and bark of seven species and three clones of eucalyptus were evaluated, aiming the cultivation of shiitake in logs. The experimental design was totally randomized, with 10 treatments (types of eucalyptus) and 3 repetitions, being each repetition corresponding to a mixed sample of sawdust obtained from discs collected in different heights (9 cm, middle and 14 cm of diameter) from the same tree. Barks were removed from wood wedges for individual analysis. Samples were sent to the Laboratory of Chemical Analysis of Fertilizers and Correctives of the Department of Natural Resources - Soil Science - School of Agronomic Sciences/UNESP, for determination of macro and micronutrients composition. Nitrogen determination was performed by oxidation with perchloric acid; phosphorus was determined with nitric-perchloric extraction and colorimetric determination (spectrophotometric molybdovanadophosphoric acid method); potassium was determined by flame photometry; carbon, by muffle burning; sulphur, by gravimetry and calcium, magnesium, sodium, copper, iron, manganese and zinc, by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. According to the results obtained and as expected, it was verified that the element S was not detected in any of the kinds of eucalyptus analyzed, both for bark and wood; for wood, elements Mg, Na and Mn presented difference in contents among eucalyptus types analyzed. For bark, K2O, C, Cu and Mn showed different contents in function of eucalyptus type. Barks of eucalyptus types presented very high contents of Ca (77x), K (3,7x), Mg (39x), Na (2,5x), Mn (26x) e Fe (1,9x), compared to the corresponding woods (Ca was the prevailing element in bark). Ca, K, Mg and P were the prevailing elements in wood.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the agronomic behaviour of six mixtures of casing, prepared from spent mushroom substrate (SMS), in new production cycles of Agaricus bisporus. The results obtained showed the feasibility of reuse of the SMS in new cultivation cycles when used alone by submitting it to a washing process to remove soluble salts, or mixed with other materials of low conductivity, such as Sphagnum peat or coconut fiber pith. The high values of biological efficiency recorded up to 100 kg kg-1 compost, similar to that of the controls, and the same high values observed in the dry matter content of the mushrooms harvested with some of the new casing layers prepared must be highlighted. The suggested use for SMS is an important alternative to consider, in order to replace soils and other organic substrates typically used as casing, with the added advantages of lowering the production costs and decreasing the environmental impact.

El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el comportamiento agronómico de seis mezclas de cobertura, elaboradas a partir de sustrato postcultivo del champiñón Agaricus bisporus, en nuevos ciclos de cultivo. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron la viabilidad de la reintroducción del sustrato en nuevos ciclos de cultivo, ya sea como material de base único, si se somete a un proceso de lavado para eliminar sales solubles, o bien mezclado con otros materiales de baja conductividad, como es el caso de la turba rubia o la fibra de coco. Se destacan los altos valores de eficiencia biológica registrados, que llegaron hasta los 100 kg kg-1 de compost, similares a los proporcionados por los testigos, y los altos valores relativos observados (con respecto a los testigos) en el contenido en materia seca de los carpóforos cosechados con algunas de las nuevas coberturas elaboradas. Esta reutilización del compost constituye una alternativa interesante, con vistas a reemplazar a las tierras y a los sustratos orgánicos utilizados habitualmente como cobertura, con la doble ventaja de disminuir los costos de elaboración y el impacto ambiental.

Avaliou-se o crescimento micelial in vitro das linhagens ABI-05/03, ABI-06/04, ABI-04/02, ABI-06/05 e ABI-01/01 de Agaricus bisporus em meios de cultura sólidos à base de composto. As avaliações foram realizadas por meio de medições de quatro diâmetros das colônias, a cada 48h, durante 12 dias de incubação, no escuro, a 20 e 25ºC. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados, com uso do teste de Tukey para a comparação das médias. Co m base nos resultados obtidos, verificou-se que: o crescimento micelial de A. bisporus é influenciado pela temperatura de incubação; a temperatura de 25ºC foi mais favorável para o crescimento micelial de todas as linhagens de A. bisporus; na temperatura de 20ºC, o melhor crescimento foi obtido com as linhagens ABI-06/05 e ABI-01/01; na temperatura de 25ºC, a linhagem ABI-01/01 apresentou crescimento significativamente maior que todas as demais.

The in vitro mycelium growth of Agaricus bisporus strains ABI-05/03, ABI-06/04, ABI-04/02, ABI-06/05 and ABI-01/01 was evaluated in solid culture media made up of compost. Evaluations were performed by means of measurements of four diameters of the colonies, every 48 hours, during 12 days of incubation in darkness under 20 and 25ºC. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks, using the Tukey test to compare averages. Based on the obtained results, it was verified that: mycelium growth of A . bisporus is influenced by the temperature of incubation; the temperature of 25ºC was more favorable to the mycelium growth of all A . bisporus strains; under the temperature of 20ºC, the best growth was obtained with strains ABI-06/05 and ABI-01/01 and, under the temperature of 25ºC, strain ABI-01/01 showed significantly higher growth than all other strains.

Avaliaram-se a composição química da madeira e da casca de sete espécies (E. saligna E. grandis, E. urophylla, E. camaldulensis, E. citriodora, E. paniculata e E. pellita) e três clones de eucalipto (híbridos de E. grandis x E. urophylla), antes e durante o cultivo das linhagens LE-95/01 e LE-96/18 de shiitake (Lentinula edodes), em toras. Cada linhagem de shiitake foi inoculada em nove toras de cada tipo de eucalipto com 1 m de comprimento e 9 a 14 cm de diâmetro. Assim, o delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com 20 tratamentos e nove repetições, sendo cada repetição correspondente a uma tora. As toras foram mantidas em estufa climatizada, com temperatura de 25 ºC ± 5 e umidade relativa do ar entre 60-80%, durante 12 meses. Para a determinação da composição química da madeira, analisaram-se cunhas de discos e cascas de eucalipto recém-cortadas (sem inoculação das linhagens de L. edodes) e cunhas de discos e cascas retirados de toras já inoculadas com as linhagens de L. edodes após oito meses de incubação. Os resultados mostraram diferenças nos teores de holocelulose, lignina e extrativos totais na madeira e casca após o corte e depois de oito meses de incubação nas espécies e clones de eucalipto; o maior índice de decomposição da holocelulose na madeira, ao longo do tempo, ocorreu no E. saligna (5,5%), indicando, assim, ser o mais favorável para o desenvolvimento micelial do L. edodes. Já na casca aconteceu no clone 24 (22,2%). O E. camaldulensis apresentou o maior índice de decomposição da lignina na madeira (6,8%), ao longo do tempo. Já na casca, entre os eucaliptos testados, o E. grandis sofreu a maior decomposição de lignina (21,9%); o L. edodes degradou muito mais a holocelulose e lignina da casca que da madeira, tornando evidente a importância da casca; a casca da maioria dos tipos de eucaliptos apresentou menor teor de holocelulose, maior teor de extrativos totais e teores de lignina semelhantes ou superiores quando comparados com a madeira. O fator tipo de eucalipto (espécies e clones) teve maior efeito que o fator linhagem de L. edodes na degradação da holocelulose e lignina.

Chemical composition of the wood and bark of seven eucalyptus species (E. saligna, E. grandis, E. urophylla, E. camaldulensis, E. citriodora, E. paniculata and E. pellita) and three eucalyptus clones (E. grandis x E. urophylla hybrids) were evaluated before and during log cultivation of shiitake (Lentinula edodes) strains LE-95/01 and LE-96/18. Each shiitake strain was inoculated into 9 logs, 1m in length and 9 to 14 cm in diameter, of each type of eucalyptus. The experimental design was complete randomized, with 20 treatments and 9 repetitions, with each log corresponding to a repetition. Logs were kept in a greenhouse, at 25 ºC ± 5 and relative air humidity between 60-80 %, for 12 months. Chemical composition was determined in newly cut disks and barks wedges of eucalyptus (without inoculation of L. edodes strains) and disks wedges removed from inoculated logs after 8 of incubation. Results showed differences in holocelluose, lignin and total extractives contents in wood and bark after cutting and after 8 months of incubation in the eucalypt species and clones. The highest hollocelullose decomposition rate in wood, over the time, occurred in E. saligna (5.5%), pointing out this species as the most favorable for micelial development of L. edodes, whereas for bark, it occurred in clone 24 (22.2%). E. camaldulensis presented the highest lignin decomposition rate in wood (6.8%), over the time. Bark of E. grandis showed the highest lignin decomposition (21.9%) among the tested eucalyptus. L. edodes degraded more holocellulose and lignin from bark than from wood, indicating the importance of this material. Bark of most eucalyptus types showed lower holocelluose content, higher total extractive content and lignin contents similar or higher compared with wood. The factor eucalypt type (species or clones) showed higher effect than L. edodes strains on degradation of holocelluose and lignin.