ABSTRACT Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a malignant disease that is often diagnosed at a metastatic stage. The head and neck represent up to 3% of the metastatic RCC, and the paranasal sinus area is one of the least involved sites. Here, we introduce the case of a 74-year-old female patient who presented with a history of traumatic nasal bleed. A cranial computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging showed a fronto-ethmoidal mass with pachymeningeal involvement. A nasal biopsy from the paranasal sinuses was taken. On histopathological examination, metastatic clear cell carcinoma was the main hypothesis, which later was confirmed to be RCC on immunohistochemistry. On further radiological examination, an exophytic mass was depicted in the kidney’s upper and middle pole. The patient had no renal complaints and was asymptomatic. Fronto-ethmoidal sinus is a rare site for metastatic RCC, especially in cases where the patient is asymptomatic. Early detection by keeping RCC metastasis as the differential diagnosis in such cases can lead to early treatment and improve the overall survival of the patient.

Abstract Present work describes the structural stability and mechanical properties of Ni-based binary and ternary alloys. These alloys have been evaluated using first principles density functional theory (DFT) within generalized gradient approximation (GGA). The equilibrium lattice constant values of the g phase in these alloys are in good agreement with the experimental data obtained by X-ray diffraction. The values of formation energy per atom of the ternary alloys are considerably lower than the Ni-16Cr binary alloy. These alloys satisfy the mechanical stability criteria in terms of elastic constants and possess ductile behaviour based on shear to bulk ratios.

Abstract The present paper describes the structural stability and mechanical properties of the phase for Ni-16Cr and Ni-16Mo alloys using first principles density functional theory (DFT) within generalized gradient approximation (GGA). The equilibrium lattice constant values of these alloys are in good agreement with the experimental data obtained by X-ray diffraction technique. The formation energy per atom values suggests that the phase of both alloys is stable. The Ni-16Mo alloy is energetically more stable than Ni-16Cr. Both alloys satisfy the Born stability criteria in terms of elastic constants and are associated with ductile behaviour based on shear to bulk modulus ratios. Both alloys show an anisotropic behaviour. The Ni-16Mo alloy exhibits higher anisotropy than the Ni-16Cr one.

Both drought and heat stress are responsible for decline in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production in many regions of the world. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has predicted increase in these areas. Development of heat and drought tolerant genotypes is on priority. Landraces are unexploited genetic resources for various agronomic traits contributing tolerance to abiotic stress. Twenty-five wheat genotypes were evaluated in irrigated timely, rainfed timely and irrigated late sown conditions for 2 yr using 10 agronomic traits for their response to drought and heat stress and four stress indices (stress susceptibility index, stress tolerance index, mean productivity, and stress tolerance) were calculated. Variability averaged over traits was highest under rainfed conditions. Grain yield, plant height, and productive tillers were more sensitive and test grain weight as tolerant under drought. Under heat stress grain yield, grain weight, test grain weight and phenological traits were more sensitive. Productive tillers and grain number per spike were identified as important selection parameters for drought and grain weight (per spike and test grain weight) as for heat tolerance. Genotypes IC 321987, IC 322005, IC 138852, IC 138870 adapted to stressed environments or genotypes CPAN 4079 and NEPAL 38 stable over all environments can be used for introgression of the stress tolerance in elite cultivars.

Cell phones have become a vital part of everyday life. However, the health risks associated with their usage are often overlooked. Recently, evidence from several studies supports a growing claim that cell phone usage may have a detrimental effect on sperm parameters leading to decreased male fertility. Nonetheless, other studies showed no conclusive link between male infertility and cell phone usage. The ambiguity of such results is attributed to the lack of a centralized assay for measuring inflicted damage caused by cell phones. Study design, ethics, and reproducibility are all aspects which must be standardized before any conclusions can be made.

The aim of this work was to study the production of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) using agro- industrial residues as the carbon source. Seven substrates, viz., wheat bran, potato starch, sesame oil cake, groundnut oil cake, cassava powder, jackfruit seed powder and corn flour were hydrolyzed using commercial enzymes and the hydrolyzates assessed for selecting the best substrate for PHB production. Jackfruit seed powder gave the maximum production of PHB under submerged fermentation using Bacillus sphaericus (19%) at the initial pH of 7.5.

Neste trabalho foi desenvolvido um procedimento espectrofotométrico derivativo para a determinação de etilenobisditiocarbamato de zinco(II), Zineb, com base na formação do complexo azul de molibdato de sódio em meio ácido. A lei de Beer é obedecida até 40 µg mL-1 de Zineb no comprimento de onda de 956 nm. O limite de detecção foi de 0,006 µg mL-1 de Zineb para a razão S/N = 3 considerando diversos parâmetros como o efeito da concentração de ácido. A interferência de diversos íons na determinação de Zineb foi avaliada. A maioria dos metais alcalinos e sais metálicos não causou interferências. O procedimento tem boa sensibilidade e foi empregado para a determinação de Zineb em amostras comerciais de alimentos contendo Dithane Z 78 e Hexathane 75% W.P.. Os resultados foram comparados com procedimentos previamente propostos. Zineb foi determinado com sucesso sem a ocorrência de interferências na presença de outros ditiocarbamatos, tais como Ziram, Thiram, Ferbam etc.

A derivative spectrophotometric procedure was developed for the determination of zinc(II) ethylenebisdithiocarbamate, Zineb, after formation of its blue colored complex with sodium molybdate in acidic medium. The Beer's law is obeyed up to 40 µg mL-1of Zineb at 956 nm. The detection limit was 0.006 µg mL-1 for Zineb when S/N ratio is 3 taking into account various parameters, such as the effect of acid concentration. The interference of a large number of ions on the determination of Zineb was evaluated. Most of the alkaline metals and metal salts did not interfere. The procedure presented proper sensitivity and it was applied for determining Zineb in food stuffs and commercial samples of Dithane Z 78 and Hexathane 75% W.P.. Results were compared with earlier reported methods. Zineb was successfully determined without any interferences in the presence of other dithiocarbamates like ziram, thiram, ferbam etc.

We report on an illuminated, low-cost (Rs 1500 (US$ 36)) magnifying device (Magnivisualizer) for detecting precancerous lesions of the uterine cervix. A total of 403 women attending a maternal and child health care clinic who had abnormal vaginal discharge and related symptoms were referred for detailed pelvic examination and visual inspection by means of the device after the application of 5% (v/v) acetic acid. Pap smears were obtained at the same time. The results were compared with those obtained using colposcopy and/or histology. The Magnivisualizer improved the detection rate of early cancerous lesions from 60%, for unaided visual inspection, to 95%. It also permitted detection of 58% of cases of low-grade dysplasia and 83% of cases of high-grade dysplasia; none of these cases were detectable by unaided visual inspection. For low-grade dysplasia the sensitivity of detection by means of the Magnivisualizer was 57.5%, in contrast with 75.3% for cytological examination. However, the two methodologies had similar sensitivities for higher grades of lesions. The specificity of screening with the Magnivisualizer was 94.3%, while that of cytology was 99%. The cost per screening was approximately US$ 0.55 for the Magnivisualizer and US$ 1.10 for cytology.

El cáncer cervicouterino es el tumor maligno más frecuente entre las mujeres de la India. En los países en desarrollo no es posible emprender programas de cribado citológico de ámbito nacional debido a la escasez de personal adiestrado y a la falta de la infraestructura necesaria. La simple inspección visual del cuello uterino detecta los cánceres tempranos con una menor sensibilidad y especificidad que los estudios citológicos. En nuestros estudios anteriores hallamos una tasa de detección relativamente baja de las lesiones cervicouterinas precancerosas. A raíz de ello desarrollamos el Magnivisualizador, un dispositivo de iluminación y aumento cuyo precio es de Rs 1500 (US$ 36). Pretendíamos así mejorar la sensibilidad de la inspección visual simple en la detección de lesiones precancerosas o indicativas de cáncer temprano.De fácil manejo, este instrumento portátil funciona con una pila recargable de 12 V. Consiste en una cámara de luz con un reflector en un lado y un condensador en el otro, equipada con una bombilla halógena de 12 V y 50 W. La cámara tiene en la parte superior, en el extremo del condensador, un cristal de aumento de 2,5 dioptrías y 100 mm de diámetro. Los resultados de la inspección visual simple realizada mediante el Magnivisualizador fueron comparados con los de la colposcopia y/o los informes histológicos en una muestra de 402 mujeres. En total se diagnosticaron histológicamente 73 displasias leves, 76 displasias avanzadas y 59 carcinomas in situ o cánceres invasivos en sus primeras fases. En el caso de las displasias leves, la sensibilidad del análisis citológico fue del 75,3%, y la del Magnivisualizador, del 57,5%. En lo que atañe a las displasias graves y los carcinomas in situ o los cánceres invasivos tempranos, en cambio, la sensibilidad fue del 94,9% con los dos métodos. La tasa de falsos positivos fue del 1,0% en los estudios citológicos, frente al 5,7% con el Magnivisualizador. La especificidad del cribado alcanzó el 94,3% con este último, y el 99% en el análisis citológico.El Magnivisualizador aumentó considerablemente la sensibilidad conseguida mediante la inspección visual simple, no sólo en la detección de carcinomas in situ o de cánceres invasivos tempranos, sino también en el caso de las lesiones precancerosas. Su sensibilidad en la detección de las displasias avanzadas y las lesiones más graves precitadas fue comparable a la del análisis citológico, y disminuyó la tasa de falsos positivos. Además, el costo del examen con Magnivisualizador fue de US$ 0,55, mientras que el del análisis citológico fue de US$ 1,10. La sencilla inspección visual que permite el dispositivo puede realizarse incluso en un centro de atención primaria, sin más requisito que una mesa de exploración

Le cancer du col utérin est la principale tumeur maligne rencontrée chez les femmes indiennes. Dans les pays en développement, il n’est pas possible de lancer des programmes nationaux de dépistage cytologique du fait de la rareté du personnel qualifié et de l’absence des infrastructures nécessaires. La simple inspection visuelle du col est moins sensible et moins spécifique que l’examen cytologique pour détecter des cancers précoces. Le taux de détection des lésions cervicales précancéreuses était plutôt faible dans nos études antérieures. Nous avons mis au point le « Magnivisualizer », un dispositif de grossissement muni d’une source lumineuse, qui coûte 1500 roupies (US $36), afin d’améliorer la sensibilité de l’inspection visuelle simple pour détecter des lésions précancéreuses ou des lésions cancéreuses précoces.Cet instrument portatif est facile à utiliser et fonctionne au moyen d’une pile rechargeable de 12 V. Il consiste en une chambre lumineuse avec d’un côté un réflecteur et de l’autre un condenseur, et elle est munie d’une ampoule à halogène de 50 W (12 V). Une loupe de 2,5 dioptries et de 100 mm de diamètre est fixée au sommet de la chambre lumineuse sur le bord de la lentille du condenseur. On a comparé l’inspection visuelle à l’aide du Magnivisualizer avec les résultats de la colposcopie et/ou de l’examen histologique sur un échantillon d’étude de 402 femmes. Au total, l’examen histologique a permis de diagnostiquer 73 dysplasies discrètes, 76 dysplasies graves et 59 carcinomes in situ ou cancers invasifs précoces. Pour les dysplasies discrètes, la sensibilité de l’examen cytologique a été de 75,3 %, alors que celle du Magnivisualizer a été de 57,5 %. En revanche, pour les dysplasies graves et les carcinomes in situ ou les cancers invasifs précoces, la sensibilité a été de 94,9% pour les deux méthodes. Le taux de faux positifs a été de 1% pour l’examen cytologique contre 5,7% pour le Magnivisualizer. La spécificité du dépistage a été de 94,3% avec le Magnivisualizer et de 99% à l’examen cytologique.L’emploi du Magnivisualizer a sensiblement augmenté la sensibilité de l’inspection visuelle du col, non seulement pour la détection des carcinomes in situ ou des cancers invasifs précoces, mais également pour les lésions précancéreuses. Il a montré une sensibilité analogue à celle de l’examen cytologique pour la détection des dysplasies graves et des lésions plus graves, et a permis de réduire le nombre de faux positifs. En outre, le coût d’un dépistage au moyen du Magnivisualizer est de US $0,55 contre US $1,10 pour l’examen cytologique. Cette technique simple d’inspection visuelle à l’aide du Magnivisualizer peut même être utilisée dans un centre de santé primaire, le seul élément supplémentaire nécessaire étant une table d’examen.