Resumo A busca por práticas meditativas orientais como tecnologia promotora de saúde e qualidade de vida tem aumentado significativamente nos últimos anos. Contudo percebe-se que a falta de compreensão dos conceitos e princípios dos quais emergem tais técnicas produzem propostas que podem ser tanto uma saída revolucionária quanto distópica. Propomos neste texto uma breve discussão sobre o movimento de mindfulness a partir de uma perspectiva gestáltica de influência goodmaniana. Assim, (a) apresentamos de maneira resumida a transmissão destas práticas desde tradições budistas até a ciência ocidental contemporânea; (b) destacamos alguns aspectos teóricos que aproximam e distanciam a Gestalt-terapia de pressupostos budistas; e (c) discutimos a apropriação dessas tradições, seus valores e suas tecnologias por um paradigma neoliberal utilitarista.

Abstract While the search for Eastern meditative practices as health and quality of life technology has increased significantly in recent years, the lack of understanding regarding core concepts and values from which such techniques emerge produces proposals that can be either revolutionary or dystopic. This text proposes a brief discussion concerning the mindfulness movement based on Goodman’s gestalt. Thus, we (a) briefly present the transmission of these practices from Buddhist traditions to contemporary Western science; (b) highlight some theoretical aspects that bring gestalt-therapy closer to and distance it from Buddhist premises; and (c) discuss the appropriation of such traditions, their values and technologies by a utilitarian neoliberal paradigm.

Resumen La búsqueda de prácticas meditativas orientales como herramienta de salud y calidad de vida ha aumentado significativamente en los últimos años. Sin embargo, la falta de comprensión de los conceptos y valores centrales de los cuales surgen tales técnicas produce propuestas que pueden ser revolucionarias o distópicas. En este texto proponemos hacer una breve discusión sobre el movimiento de la atención plena desde una perspectiva gestáltica goodmaniana. Así, (a) presentamos brevemente la transmisión de estas prácticas desde las tradiciones budistas hasta la ciencia occidental contemporánea; (b) destacamos algunos aspectos teóricos que acercan y alejan la terapia gestalt de las referencias budistas; y (c) discutimos la apropiación de estas tradiciones, sus valores y tecnologías por un paradigma neoliberal utilitario.

Résumé Alors que la recherche de pratiques méditatives orientales comme technologie de santé et de la qualité de vie s’est considérablement accrue ces dernières années, le manque de compréhension des concepts et valeurs fondamentales dont émergent ces techniques produit des propositions qui peuvent être soit révolutionnaires, soit dystopiques. Ce texte propose une brève discussion sur le mouvement de pleine conscience basée sur la gestalt-thérapie de Goodman. Ainsi, nous (a) présentons brièvement la transmission de ces pratiques des traditions bouddhistes à la science occidentale contemporaine ; (b) soulignons certains aspects théoriques qui rapprochent et éloignent la gestalt-thérapie des prémisses bouddhistes ; et (c) discutons de l’appropriation de ces traditions, de leurs valeurs et de leurs technologies par un paradigme néolibéral utilitaire.

ABSTRACT: Vitamin A deficiency is the third most important micronutrient deficiency having a significant impact on public health worldwide. The aim of this study was to develop a carotenoid extraction process with edible vegetable oils, using a central composite design which, concurrently, enriches the oils with provitamin A carotenoids. The stability of carotenoids in the oil and their shelf life was also evaluated. The process also aimed to meet the Recommended Daily Intake for vitamin A (600 μg retinol equivalent for an adult) with the enriched oil. The results showed that 20 % of the vegetable matrix (dried carrot) in vegetable oil and 5 min of extraction time was an optimum combination for both soy oil (64.43 μg retinol equivalent mL−1) and olive oil (62.98 μg retinol equivalent mL−1). Furthermore, the ingestion of just a spoonful (∼10 mL) of the enriched oils would meet the Recommended Daily Intake for vitamin A (600 μg retinol equivalent), and, thus, it was possible to affirm that a dose of vegetable oils enriched with provitamin A contributes to meeting the Recommended Daily Intake for vitamin A. The proposed process is based on simple and low-cost technology that can be used to enrich edible oils (soybean and olive oil) with provitamin A.

ABSTRACT Acylated anthocyanins from a purple-fleshed sweet potato (PFSP), obtained by organic cultivation in Brazil, were characterized after separation by a high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (HPLC-PDA). These anthocyanins were manually collected at the detector output, concentrated and injected into a high resolution mass spectrometer (ESI-QTOF-MS2). Twenty-two acylated anthocyanins were detected. Among them, sixteen had been reported in the literature and six, derived from peonidin were reported for the first time in sweet potato roots in this study. These compounds showed molecular ions with accurate mass/charge ratios (m/z) of 909.2081, 961.3010, 961.2571, 963.3345, 1123.2932 and 1179.3862. Although anthocyanins in PFSP have already been extensively studied, the variety studied in this work is probably genetically different from all varieties and cultivars already researched, which would explain why these anthocyanins have not been observed in the previously studied varieties.

Abstract: The aim of this study was to describe and evaluate access to oral health services among adolescents enrolled in public schools of Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil, a large-size municipality in the Northeast of Brazil. An observational, descriptive, analytical, quantitative, and cross-sectional study was carried out through a school survey, in which four validated questionnaires were applied to 438 adolescents aged 12 to 19 years. Data were processed using the SPSS statistical software version 20.0, with bivariate analysis and multivariate analysis through Poisson regression. About 90.9% of adolescents reported having visited the dentist at least once; however, when considering the last 6 months, this percentage fell to 48.4%. Adolescents used private services (50.2%) or the public service (49.8%). About 70.6% of interviewees reported dental treatment (61.1%) as the main reason for seeking the service. Through multivariate analysis, it was observed that the demand for the service was higher among female adolescents (60.5%, p <0.001); the other variables did not present statistically significant differences. In conclusion, the access to oral healthcare services reported by adolescents was good, but there is still a considerable part of this population with no access. Variables that presented significant associated with dental services were gender and toothache history, but only gender remained significant in the multivariate model.

BACKGROUND Leishmania major is an Old World species causing cutaneous leishmaniasis and is transmitted by Phlebotomus papatasi and Phlebotomus duboscqi. In Brazil, two isolates from patients who never left the country were characterised as L. major-like (BH49 and BH121). Using molecular techniques, these isolates were indistinguishable from the L. major reference strain (FV1). OBJECTIVES We evaluated the lipophosphoglycans (LPGs) of the strains and their behaviour in Old and New World sand fly vectors. METHODS LPGs were purified, and repeat units were qualitatively evaluated by immunoblotting. Experimental in vivo infection with L. major-like strains was performed in Lutzomyia longipalpis (New World, permissive vector) and Ph. papatasi (Old World, restrictive or specific vector). FINDINGS The LPGs of both strains were devoid of arabinosylated side chains, whereas the LPG of strain BH49 was more galactosylated than that of strain BH121. All strains with different levels of galactosylation in their LPGs were able to infect both vectors, exhibiting colonisation of the stomodeal valve and metacyclogenesis. The BH121 strain (less galactosylated) exhibited lower infection intensity compared to BH49 and FV1 in both vectors. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Intraspecific variation in the LPG of L. major-like strains occur, and the different galactosylation levels affected interactions with the invertebrate host.

Resumo O artigo tem por objetivo analisar a associação entre abuso sexual, episódios maníacos, depressivos e risco de suicídio em jovens adultos. Este é um estudo transversal de base populacional realizado com jovens entre 18 e 24 anos em Pelotas/RS. A seleção da amostra foi realizada por conglomerados. Foram avaliados a prevalência de violência sexual, o episódio de mania, depressão, misto e o risco de suicídio. Para a análise bruta dos dados foi utilizado o teste Qui-Quadrado, posteriormente, a análise ajustada foi realizada por Regressão de Poisson. A amostra do estudo foi de 1560 jovens, dos quais 3,1% haviam sofrido abuso sexual em algum momento de sua vida. O episódio depressivo esteve presente em 10,0% dos jovens entrevistados, seguido pelo maníaco (hipo) (2,3%) e pelo misto (2,4%). O risco de suicídio apresentou prevalência de 8,6% na amostra total. Nos jovens que sofreram abuso sexual, a probabilidade de apresentar alterações de humor ou risco de suicídio foi maior do que naqueles que não haviam sofrido (p < 0,05), exceto para a ocorrência de episódio maníaco (hipo). Os achados deste estudo indicam uma forte associação entre abuso sexual e episódios de depressão, misto e risco de suicídio, ainda, em uma amostra sem nenhum tratamento.

Abstract This article seeks to analyze the association between sexual violence, manic and depressive episodes, and suicide risk among young adults. This is a cross-sectional population-based study carried out with young people between 18 and 24 years of age in a town in southern Brazil. The sample was selected through clusters. The prevalence of sexual violence, manic, depressive and mixed episodes and suicide risk were evaluated, as well as the association between them. The chi-square test and Poisson regression were used for statistical analysis. The study sample comprised 1,560 subjects. Among these, 3.1% had suffered sexual violence at some point in their life. The prevalence of depressive, mixed episodes, and (hypo)manic episodes were 10%, 2.4% and 2.3%, respectively. Suicide risk had a prevalence of 8.6% in the total sample. Young people who have suffered sexual violence are more likely to be subject to mood changes or suicide risk than those who have not (p < 0.05), except for the occurrence of (hypo)manic episodes. These results revealed a strong association between sexual violence and depressive and mixed episodes and suicide risk.

Resumo O artigo tem por objetivo analisar a associação entre abuso sexual, episódios maníacos, depressivos e risco de suicídio em jovens adultos. Este é um estudo transversal de base populacional realizado com jovens entre 18 e 24 anos em Pelotas/RS. A seleção da amostra foi realizada por conglomerados. Foram avaliados a prevalência de violência sexual, o episódio de mania, depressão, misto e o risco de suicídio. Para a análise bruta dos dados foi utilizado o teste Qui-Quadrado, posteriormente, a análise ajustada foi realizada por Regressão de Poisson. A amostra do estudo foi de 1560 jovens, dos quais 3,1% haviam sofrido abuso sexual em algum momento de sua vida. O episódio depressivo esteve presente em 10,0% dos jovens entrevistados, seguido pelo maníaco (hipo) (2,3%) e pelo misto (2,4%). O risco de suicídio apresentou prevalência de 8,6% na amostra total. Nos jovens que sofreram abuso sexual, a probabilidade de apresentar alterações de humor ou risco de suicídio foi maior do que naqueles que não haviam sofrido (p < 0,05), exceto para a ocorrência de episódio maníaco (hipo). Os achados deste estudo indicam uma forte associação entre abuso sexual e episódios de depressão, misto e risco de suicídio, ainda, em uma amostra sem nenhum tratamento.

Abstract This article seeks to analyze the association between sexual violence, manic and depressive episodes, and suicide risk among young adults. This is a cross-sectional population-based study carried out with young people between 18 and 24 years of age in a town in southern Brazil. The sample was selected through clusters. The prevalence of sexual violence, manic, depressive and mixed episodes and suicide risk were evaluated, as well as the association between them. The chi-square test and Poisson regression were used for statistical analysis. The study sample comprised 1,560 subjects. Among these, 3.1% had suffered sexual violence at some point in their life. The prevalence of depressive, mixed episodes, and (hypo)manic episodes were 10%, 2.4% and 2.3%, respectively. Suicide risk had a prevalence of 8.6% in the total sample. Young people who have suffered sexual violence are more likely to be subject to mood changes or suicide risk than those who have not (p < 0.05), except for the occurrence of (hypo)manic episodes. These results revealed a strong association between sexual violence and depressive and mixed episodes and suicide risk.

O uso contínuo, ao longo dos anos, do sistema convencional de preparo do solo pode alterar os atributos microbiológicos do solo, causando a redução da biomassa e da atividade microbiana. Diante do exposto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar, sob cultivo do melão (Cucumis melo L.), as alterações microbiológicas do solo, assim como as do teor de matéria orgânica, nas profundidades de 0 a 0,10, 0,10 a 0,20, 0,20 a 0,30 e 0,30 a 0,40 m, ao longo dos anos sob cultivo do melão, durante três, cinco e dez anos, em Cambissolo Háplico eutrófico, a fim de compará-los com os do solo da mata natural (Caatinga). As amostras foram coletadas, aleatoriamente, na Fazenda Melão Doçura, localizada no município de Quixeré, Ceará, e encaminhadas para o Laboratório de Análise de Solos, Água e Planta da UFERSA, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte. Determinaram-se os teores de matéria orgânica (MO), o de carbono da biomassa microbiana (CBM) e o quociente microbiano (qMIC). O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado (DIC), disposto em esquema fatorial 4 x 4 (Fator I, anos de cultivo; Fator II, causa de variação na profundidade), com três repetições. Os resultados mostraram que a matéria orgânica aumentou a partir dos cinco anos de cultivo do melão. O carbono da biomassa microbiana foi elevado nas camadas superficiais, independentemente do tempo de cultivo, por causa da maior disponibilidade da matéria orgânica, água e nutrientes, e o quociente microbiano diminuiu com o tempo, apresentando menor concentração no cultivo de dez anos do melão, discriminando as possíveis alterações decorrentes do uso agrícola do solo.

The intensive use of the conventional system over the years of soil preparation may change the soil microbial attributes, causing a reduction of biomass and microbial activity. As so, the present study aimed to analyze, under melon (Cucumis melo L.) cultivation, the microbiological changes as well as soil organic matter content in the depth of 0-0.10, 0.10-0.20, 0.20-0.30 and 0.30-0.40 m over the years under melon cultivation during 3, 5 and 10 years in eutrophic Cambisol, in order to compare them with the natural forest (Caatinga). The samples were randomly collected at Fazenda Melão Doçura, located in the city of Quixeré, Ceará State and forwarded to the Laboratory of Analysis of Soil, Water and Plant of the UFERSA, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte State. The content of organic matter (MO), microbial biomass carbon (CBM) and microbial quotient (qMIC) were determined. The experiment was mounted on completely randomized design (DIC), arranged in a factorial scheme 4 x 4 (years of cultivation Factor I, Factor II cause of variation in depth) with three replications. The results showed that organic matter increased from five years of cultivation of the melon. The microbial biomass carbon was higher in the superficial layers independent of the culture period due increased availability of organic matter, water and nutrients and microbial quotient decreased with time, with lower concentration in the 10 years cultivation of the melon, detailing the possible changes arising from agricultural soil use.

O objetivo desse estudo foi selecionar itens da Escala Fatorial de Socialização (EFS) para a obtenção de uma versão reduzida, que mantivesse propriedades psicométricas adequadas. Baseou-se em uma amostra de 1.100 sujeitos. Para a seleção de itens, realizou-se análise qualitativa, buscando aqueles sem conteúdo clínico explícito e uma análise quantitativa, pelo modelo de Rasch. Tais critérios permitiram reduzir a EFS de 70 para 28 itens. As características psicométricas da versão reduzida foram verificadas pela comparação entre versões por Rasch e pela reanálise dos dados de estudos de validade realizados com a EFS. A versão reduzida manteve características psicométricas adequadas, o que sugere a possibilidade de utilização dessa versão da EFS em situações de avaliação com tempo restrito.

This study aimed at selecting items from the Agreeableness Factor Scale for obtaining a short version of this test that could keep adequate psychometric properties. One thousand one hundred participants composed the sample. Items were selected using a qualitative strategy, which focused on item content that was not related to clinical descriptions and a quantitative analysis based on Rasch's model. The scale was reduced from 70 to 28 items, based on these criteria. In order to check the psychometric properties of the short version, both versions were compared by Rasch indices and by reanalyzing validity studies conducted with the original scale. The short version kept good psychometric properties, which suggests the possibility of using it when there is time restriction.