Abstract This study evaluated the bioactive potential of a macro-porous chitosan scaffold incorporated with calcium hydroxide (CH-Ca) and functionalized with bioactive doses of simvastatin (SV) for bone tissue regeneration. Initially, the bioactive dose of SV in osteoblastic cells (SAOS-2) was determined. For the direct contact experiment, SAOS-2 cells were plated on scaffolds to assess cell viability and osteogenic differentiation. The second assay was performed at a distance using extracts from scaffolds incubated in culture medium to assess the effect of conditioned medium on viability and osteogenic differentiation. The initial screening showed that 1 μM SV presented the best biostimulating effects, and this dose was selected for incorporation into the CH-Ca and pure chitosan (CH) scaffolds. The cells remained viable throughout the direct contact experiment, with the greatest cell density in the CH-Ca and CH-Ca-SV scaffolds because of their higher porosity. The CH-Ca-SV scaffold showed the most intense bio-stimulating effect in assays in the presence and absence of osteogenic medium, leading to an increased deposition of mineralized matrix. There was an increase in the viability of cells exposed to the extracts for CH-Ca, CH-SV, and CH-Ca-SV during the one-day period. There was an increase in ALP activity in the CH-Ca and CH-Ca-SV; however, the CH-Ca-SV scaffold resulted in an intense increase in the deposition of mineralized nodules, approximately 56.4% at 7 days and 117% at 14 days, compared with CH (control). In conclusion, functionalization of the CH-Ca scaffold with SV promoted an increase in bioactivity, presenting a promising option for bone tissue regeneration.

RESUMO Objetivos: compreender a percepção de usuários da Atenção Básica sobre a identidade profissional da enfermeira. Métodos: trata-se de um estudo exploratório, descritivo, transversal e de abordagem quantitativa norteado pela ferramenta STROBE. A amostra consistiu em 94 usuários agrupados de acordo com a cobertura de Estratégia Saúde da Família. Resultados: a identidade da enfermeira idealizada pelos participantes remonta ao passado da profissão. Os sujeitos, em 81,9%, vincularam o gênero feminino à profissão. Do total, 63,8% acreditavam haver subordinação da enfermeira, dos quais 90% entendiam subordinação aos médicos. A análise da percepção sobre atividades de responsabilidade da enfermeira revelou o predomínio de atividades assistenciais e não privativas. Conclusões: os achados indicam consciência parcial sobre a identidade e papel da enfermeira na Atenção Básica. Os principais déficits relacionaram às atribuições dessa profissional. A apropriação do papel da enfermeira foi maior na população com cobertura pela Estratégia Saúde da Família.

ABSTRACT Objectives: to understanding the perception of Primary Health Care users about the professional identity of nurse. Methods: this is an exploratory, descriptive, cross-sectional and quantitative study, using the STROBE instrument. The sample included 94 users grouped according to the Family Health Strategy coverage. Results: the idealized identity of nurses dates back to the past of the profession. The subjects, in 81.9%, associate the female gender to the profession. 63.8% of them believed that the nurse is a subordinate, and from these, 90% believed they were subordinate to physicians. The analysis of the perception of the activities under responsibility of the nurse showed the predominance of assistance activities that are not exclusive to them. Conclusions: the findings indicate partial awareness about the identity and the role of nurses in Primary Health Care. The main deficits are related to the competences of this professional. The understanding of the role of the nurse was higher in the population under the coverage of the Family Health Strategy.

RESUMEN Objetivos: comprender la percepción de usuarios de la Atención Primaria sobre la identidad profesional de la enfermera. Métodos: estudio exploratorio, descriptivo, transversal y abordaje cuantitativo norteado por la STROBE. Muestreo consistió en 94 usuarios agrupados de acuerdo con la cobertura de Estrategia de Salud Familiar. Resultados: identidad de la enfermera idealizada por los participantes remonta al pasado de la profesión. En 81,9%, vincularon el género femenino a profesión. Del total, 63,8% acreditaban haber subordinación de la enfermera, de los cuales 90% entendían subordinación a médicos. Análisis de la percepción sobre actividades de responsabilidad de la enfermera reveló el predominio de actividades no privativas y de cuño asistencial. Conclusiones: hallados indican consciencia parcial sobre la identidad y papel de la enfermera en Atención Primaria. Principales déficits relacionaron a atribuciones de esa profesional. Apropiación del papel de la enfermera fue mayor en la población con cobertura por la Estrategia de Salud Familiar.

Resumo Este artigo estuda a inserção social e a ação política das sociedades patrióticas portuguesas, durante o triénio liberal (1820-1823). Numa abordagem comparativa, explora as semelhanças e ligações das sociedades patrióticas portuguesas com idênticas instituições espanholas e analisa as diferenças e os pontos de contacto que mantiveram com a maçonaria. O quadro de intervenção das sociedades patrióticas, circunscrito às cidades de Lisboa e Porto, permite evidenciar o papel desempenhado por essas associações na disseminação do liberalismo e do constitucionalismo. Através de idênticos motivos e procedimentos, influentes figuras liberais secundadas por outros membros de sociedades patrióticas, na sua maioria cidadãos anónimos, contribuíram, com a sua participação cívica e política, para a defesa do executivo liberal. As sociedades patrióticas, funcionando como caixas de ressonância do constitucionalismo, desenvolveram campanhas de instrução cívica e fortaleceram a opinião pública liberal.

Abstract This paper examines the social insertion and political action of the Portuguese patriotic societies during the liberal triennium (1820-1823). By means of a comparative approach, the text explores the similarities and liaisons of Portuguese patriotic societies with their Spanish counterparts, pointing out their differences and points of contact with Freemasonry. Their circumscribed intervention, limited to the cities of Lisbon and Porto, highlights the role played by these societies in spreading liberalism and constitutionalism. Due to similar motives and using similar procedures, important liberal figures supported by other members of these societies, mostly anonymous citizens, contributed, with their civic and political participation, to defend the liberal executive. Operating as echo chambers for constitutionalism, the patriotic societies developed civic education campaigns and strengthened liberal public opinion.