It is widely accepted that science is universal by nature. However, to make science universal, access to research findings is imperative. The open access model of publication of academic articles was established and consolidated during the last two decades. However, most of the open access journals apply article-processing charges (APCs), which can cost more than USD 10,000.00. In regions where support for research is scarce, these funds are usually not available. Similar problems occur in countries with weak economies and, consequently, unfavorable currency conversion rates. This situation reveals a barrier to the alleged universality of science and the access to research findings. In this manuscript, the barriers faced by authors and institutions from low-to-middle income regions to cover APCs and make their science freely available are discussed and illustrated with recent numbers.

Brazilian science is under attack. In this manuscript, we will discuss the most recent events that, if not reverted, will make Brazilian science inviable. We urge the scientific community in Brazil and abroad to stand up and resist in defense of more than a century of essential scientific contributions.

Resumo Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o processo de saturação do ozônio em coluna contendo amendoim e o efeito na qualidade de produto. Utilizaram-se grãos com teor de umidade em torno de 6,8% (b.u.), acondicionados em recipientes cilíndricos de PVC, com 1,10 m de altura e 15 cm de diâmetro. O gás, nas concentrações de 1,59 e 2,78 mg L–1, foi injetado na base da coluna e os valores adotados de altura da coluna de grãos foram de 0,25, 0,50 e 0,75 m. Determinaram-se os tempos e as concentrações de saturação e avaliou-se a qualidade dos grãos ozonizados. Para os grãos ozonizados na concentração de 1,59 mg L–1, obteve-se tempo de saturação na faixa entre 222 e 449 min. No que tange à relação CSat/C0, obtiveram-se valores entre 0,32 e 0,48. Com relação aos grãos submetidos à ozonização na concentração de 2,78 mg L–1, obteve-se tempo de saturação na faixa entre 78 e 251 min. No que se refere à relação CSat/C0, para a concentração inicial de 2,78 mg L–1, os valores permaneceram entre 0,46 e 0,81. É possível concluir, a partir dos resultados obtidos, que, à medida que se aumenta a altura da coluna de grãos de amendoim, há aumento do tempo de saturação e decréscimo da concentração de saturação. Não houve alteração na qualidade do produto durante o processo de ozonização.

Summary The objective of this study was to evaluate the ozone saturation process in a column containing peanuts and the effect on product quality. Peanuts with a moisture content of about 6.8% (w.b.) were used, packed in cylindrical PVC containers with 1.10 m in height and 15 cm in diameter. Ozone was injected into the base of the cylindrical column and the corresponding values adopted for the heights of the grain columns were 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75 m. The peanuts were ozonized at concentrations of 1.59 and 2.78 mg L–1, a temperature of 25 °C and a gas flow rate of 5.0 L min–1. The ozone saturation times and concentrations were determined and also the quality of the ozonized peanuts. For peanut kernels ozonated at a concentration of 1.59 mg L–1, saturation times ranging between 222 and 449 min were obtained. Regarding the CSat/C0 ratio, values between 0.32 and 0.48 were obtained. For peanut kernels ozonated at a concentration of 2.78 mg L–1, saturation times between 78 and 251 min were obtained, and the CSat/C0 ratio for an initial concentration of 2.78 mg L-1 was between 0.46 and 0.81. It was concluded from the results that an increase in height of the peanut kernel column resulted in an increased saturation time and decreased saturation concentration. There was no change in product quality during the ozonation process.

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a adaptabilidade e estabilidade de 15 genótipos de tomateiro na região de Gurupi, estado do Tocantins. Para o efeito, foram conduzidos dois experimentos em blocos casualizados, com três repetições, em casa de vegetação no verão (dezembro a março) e no campo durante o inverno (junho a setembro), com 15 genótipos experimentais de tomateiro: quatro do tipo longa vida mutantes de amadurecimento rin comerciais e pré-comerciais que foram: Tyler, Rebeca, Carmem e AF 13527; nove do tipo longa vida estrutural comerciais e précomerciais: Lumi, Débora Max, Michelli, Tammy, AF 12525, AF 11097, AF 13363, AF 13364 e AF 13525; e dois de frutos normais: Santa Clara e Drica. Os genótipos tipo longa vida Tyler, Rebeca, AF 13364, AF 13525, AF 13527 foram classificados como de estabilidade e adaptabilidade ampla para a característica produtividade comercial de frutos. Quanto ao peso médio comercial de frutos, os genótipos Tyler, Michelli e AF 11097, foram os únicos que apresentaram ampla adaptabilidade nas condições avaliadas.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the adaptability and stability of 15 tomato genotypes in the area of Gurupi, Tocantins. The experiments were carried out in two environments [greenhouse: in the summer (December to March) and in open field: winter (June to September)], with 15 experimental tomato genotypes, being: four of the type long shelf life commercial ripening mutants and pre-commercial (rin): Tyler, Rebeca, Carmem and AF 13527; nine of the type long shelf life structural commercials and pre-commercial: Lumi, Débora Max, Michelli, Tammy, AF 12525, AF 11097, AF 13363, AF 13364 and AF 13525; and two of normal fruits: Santa Clara and Drica, in randomized block design with three repetitions. The long life genotypes e Tyler, Rebeca, AF 13364, AF 13525, AF 13527 it were classified as of stability and wide adaptability and wide adaptability for yield. For the average weight of commercial fruits, the genotypes Tyler, Michelli and AF 11097 presented wide adaptability to the evaluated environments.

Efeitos do glyphosate nos teores foliares de micro-nutrientes de soja transgênica têm sido amplamente relatados, porém, pouco se sabe sobre seus efeitos associados a outros agrotóxicos. Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, avaliar a produção e a qualidade fisiológica de sementes de soja, bem como os teores de micronutrientes nas folhas, em função de métodos de controle de plantas daninhas. Foram avaliados dez tratamentos DBC, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repetições. Nas parcelas, avaliou-se o efeito da aplicação ou não de endossulfan + tebuconazole e, nas subparcelas, o efeito dos métodos de controle de plantas daninhas (testemunha não capinada; testemunha capinada; aplicação única de glyphosate (1.080 g ha-1) e fomesafen + fluazifop-ρ-butil (180 + 225 g ha-1), ambas aos 15 DAE; e aplicação sequencial de glyphosate (1.080 g ha-1), aos 15, 30 e 45 DAE). Após a colheita da soja, as sementes foram amostradas, para avaliar a sua germinação, vigor e produtividade. Os teores de manganês foram influenciados pela aplicação sequencial de glyphosate, associada ao endossulfan + tebuconazole. A germinação do teste de frio foi reduzida em sementes de plantas tratadas com fomesafen + fluazifop-p-butil, em associação com endossulfan + tebuconazole. Dentre os tratamentos sem endossulfan + tebuconazole, a aplicação sequencial de glyphosate promoveu a maior massa de cem sementes, bem como, associada à mistura endossulfan + tebuconazole, diminuiu os teores foliares de Cu e Mn, porém, melhorou a germinação e não influenciou no vigor das sementes, em relação à soja capinada.

Glyphosate effects on leaf micronutrients contents of transgenic soybean have been widely reported, however, little is known about these effects associated with other pesticides. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physiologic quality and yield of soybean seeds, as well as leaf micronutrients contents, according to weed control methods. Ten RBD treatments were arranged in a split-plot scheme with four replications. The application or non-application of endosulphan + tebuconazole was evaluated in the plots, while the weeds control methods were assessed in the subplots (weeded control; non-weeded control; single application of glyphosate (1,080 g ha-1) and fomesafen + fluazifop-ρ-butil (180 + 225 g ha-1), both at 15 DAE; and sequential application of glyphosate (1,080 g ha-1) at 15, 30, and 45 DAE). After harvesting, the soybean seeds were sampled, in order to evaluate their germination, vigor, and yield. Copper and manganese contents were only influenced by the sequential application of glyphosate, associated with endosulphan + tebuconazole. The cold test germination was reduced in seeds of plants treated with fomesafen + fluazifop-p-butil associated with endosulphan + tebuconazole. Among the treatments without endosulphan + tebuconazole, the sequential application of glyphosate promoted the highest 100-seeds weight, as well as, when associated with endosulphan + tebuconazole, reduced the leaf concentrations of Cu and Mn, however, it improved seeds germination and showed no effects on seeds vigor, when compared with the weeded soybean.