Abstract As a result of family rejection, harassment and social exclusion, transgender adolescents are prone to suffering from symptoms of depression, anxiety, eating disorders, self-harm and even suicidal ideation. In gender binary and heteronormative social contexts, as in Chile and Portugal, such adolescents may feel pressured to conform to dominant gender normativities, seeking to align their bodies according to the socially imposed ideals of female and male. Although Chile and Portugal have advanced in the legal recognition of self-determination of gender identity in recent years, they have also encountered problems in implementing health policies aimed at the adolescent transgender population, which would thereby imply a failure to guarantee the fundamental right to health.

Resumo Em resultado da rejeição familiar, do assédio e da exclusão social, as pessoas adolescentes transgénero estão mais dispostas a sofrer de sintomas de depressão, ansiedade, distúrbios alimentares, de automutilação e até de ideação suicida. Em contextos sociais de género binário e heteronormativos, como no Chile e em Portugal, estas pessoas podem sentir-se pressionadas para se adaptarem às normatividades de género dominantes, procurando alinhar os seus corpos aos ideais socialmente impostos de feminino e masculino. Embora no Chile e em Portugal tenha havido, recentemente, avanços no reconhecimento legal da autodeterminação da identidade de género, estes países também têm encontrado problemas na implementação de políticas de saúde direcionadas à população transgénero adolescente, o que acabaria por implicar uma falha na garantia do direito fundamental à saúde.

Abstract Sewage treatment systems can prevent the direct discharge of endocrine disruptors, such as 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), into the environment. Treatment systems capable of promoting total phosphorus (TP) removal, such as sequencing batch reactors (SBRs), are promising in this regard. Two lab-scale SBRs with different sludge retention times (SRTs) were assessed for their EE2 and TP removal rates. Anaerobic/aerobic/anoxic phases with cycles of 6 h were used to treat sewage containing EE2 at a concentration of 5 μg L-1. The removal rates of chemical oxygen demand and TP were approximately 80% for both the SBRs. Partial nitrification was observed in the SBRs. Initially, concentrations of EE2 above 1.0 μg L-1 in the treated sewage were measured. These concentrations were smaller in SBR 1, which used lower SRTs; EE2 was removed by sludge sorption. After the 56th cycle, the concentrations of EE2 in the treated sewage were below 0.1 μg L-1 in both the SBRs, indicating that its removal may have occurred by biodegradation due to acclimation to the process. Therefore, both TP removal and nitrification seem to play an important role in EE2 removal by SBRs.

Resumo Sistemas de tratamento de esgotos podem representar barreiras no descarte de desreguladores endócrinos como 17α-etinilestradiol (EE2) no meio ambiente. Processos capazes de promover a remoção de fósforo total (FT) como reatores em batelada sequenciais (RBSs) podem ser promissores para esta proposta. Dois RBSs em escala de laboratório aplicando diferentes tempos de retenção de sólidos (TRS) foram avaliados para a remoção de EE2 e FT. As fases anaeróbia/aeróbia/anóxica com ciclos de 6 h foram usadas para tratar esgoto contendo 5 μg L-1 de EE2. As taxas de remoção de demanda química de oxigênio e de FT foram acima de 80% nos RBSs. A nitrificação parcial foi observada nos dois RBSs. Inicialmente valores acima de 1,0 μg L-1 de EE2 no esgoto tratado foram medidos. Estas concentrações foram menores no RBS 1 que usou um menor TRS; logo, provavelmente o EE2 foi removido por sorção no lodo. Após o 56º ciclo, as concentrações de EE2 no esgoto tratado foram abaixo de 0,1 μg L-1 nos dois RBSs mostrando que sua remoção pode ter ocorrido por biodegradação devido a aclimatação do processo. Portanto, tanto a remoção de FT quanto a nitrificação parecem ter um papel importante na remoção de EE2 por RBS.

ABSTRACT The objective of this work is to estimate genetic parameters and breeding values to improve embryo and oocyte production, using repeatability and random regression models (RRM) for Gir dairy cattle. We used 11,398 records of ovum pick-up from 1,747 dairy Gir donors and evaluated sixteen different models: the traditional repeatability model and fifteen RRM, each of which considered a different combination of Legendre polynomial regressors to describe the additive genetic and permanent environment effects. The 4G1P model (four regressors for the genetic effect and one regressor for the permanent environment effect) is the most suitable model to analyze the number of viable and total oocytes, while the 3G1P is the best model to analyze the number of cleaved and viable embryos, according to the values of the Akaike information criterion (AIC) and the Bayesian information criterion (BIC). The heritability estimated with the RRM was higher than that estimated with the repeatability model. The high repeatability reported for oocyte and embryo count traits indicates that donors, which had high oocyte and embryo counts in the first ovum pick-up, should maintain this result in the next ovum pick-up. Genetic correlations between adjacent ages were high and positive, while genetic correlations between extreme ages were weak. We observed a reranking of the top sires and females (heifers and cows) over the period evaluated. The reliability of the estimated breeding values by RRM showed changes across age, and the expected genetic gains by RRM are larger. This shows that RRM is most suitable alternative for the evaluation and selection of oocyte and embryo count traits.

Resumo: O objetivo do artigo é apresentar as motivações e as formas de algumas ações caracterizadas como indisciplina, praticadas por tripulantes de embarcações luso-brasileiras quando os navios encontravam-se ancorados. O recorte temporal concentra-se na segunda metade do século XVIII e, em que pese a profusão de fontes existentes, trata-se de um período pouco estudado pela historiografia. Em meio às diversas formas de insubmissão às normas e às tentativas de impor um controle disciplinar aos homens do mar, foram abordados dois temas recorrentes nas fontes e na bibliografia: as deserções e suas possíveis causas e os distúrbios envolvendo os marinheiros em terra.

Abstract: The objective of the article is to present the motivations and forms of some actions characterized as indiscipline, practiced by crew members of Portuguese-Brazilian vessels when the ships were anchored. The temporality is concentrated in the second half of the 18th century, which, despite the profusion of sources, it is a period with few historiographical studies. Considering the various forms of non-submission to the rules and the attempts to impose disciplinary control on seafarers, two recurring themes were studied in the sources and in the bibliography: desertions and their possible causes and riots involving sailors on land.

Objective The objectives of this study were: 1) to estimate the prevalence of multimorbidity in 2013 and 2019 in adults aged 20 to 59 years; 2) assess inequalities in the prevalence of multimorbidity in 2013 and 2019 according to educational level. Methods We used data from two cross-sectional surveys from the Brazilian National Health Survey (PNS) in 2013 and 2019. Multimorbidity was assessed from 14 lifetime self-reported morbidities (except back problems) and defined using the cutoff point of ≥ 2 diseases. The prevalence of multimorbidity and individual morbidities were described according to sex, age, skin color, and education. For education, crude, and relative inequalities in prevalence of multimorbidity were calculated using the Slope Index of Inequality (SII) and the Concentration Index (CIX), respectively. Results The prevalence of multimorbidity increased from 18.7% (95%: CI 18.0-19.3) in 2013 to 22.3% (95%: CI 21.7-22.9) in 2019, being higher among women and adults between 30-59 years. Asthma/bronchitis, depression, and back problems were the conditions that increased the most in the study period. Absolute and relative inequalities by education status were observed in the study period, with worse multimorbidity profiles among the less educated. Conclusion The prevalence of multimorbidity increased between 2013 and 2019. Inequalities in the prevalence of multimorbidity were observed according to educational level.

Objetivos Os objetivos do presente estudo foram: 1) estimar a prevalência de multimorbidade nos anos de 2013 e 2019 em adultos de 18 a 59 anos; 2) avaliar as desigualdades na prevalência de multimorbidade em 2013 e 2019 de acordo com escolaridade. Métodos Foram utilizados dados de dois inquéritos transversais da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (PNS) de 2013 e 2019. A multimorbidade foi avaliada a partir de 14 morbidades autorreferidas a partir de diagnóstico médico na vida (exceto problema na coluna) e definida usando o ponto de corte de ≥ 2 doenças. As prevalências de multimorbidade e morbidades individuais foram descritas de acordo com sexo, idade, cor da pele e escolaridade. Desigualdades brutas e relativas nas prevalências conforme escolaridade foram calculadas utilizando o Slope Index of Inequality (SII) e o Concentration Index (CIX), respectivamente. Resultados A prevalência de multimorbidade aumentou de 18,7% (IC 95%: 18,0-19,3) em 2013 para 22,3% (IC 95%: 21,7-22,9) em 2019, sendo maior entre mulheres e adultos entre 30-59 anos em ambos os períodos. Asma/bronquite, depressão e problemas na coluna foram as condições que mais aumentaram no período. Desigualdades absolutas e relativas foram observadas, com prevalências superiores entre os menos escolarizados e sem diferença entre os anos. Conclusões A prevalência de multimorbidade aumentou no período entre 2013 e 2019. Desigualdades na prevalência de multimorbidade foram observadas de acordo com escolaridade.

RESUMO Uma mulher com 37 anos de idade, gestante de 35 semanas, foi admitida em um hospital local em razão de epistaxe grave, que resultou em choque e em necessidade de realização de cesárea emergencial. Após falha do tamponamento para controlar a hemorragia, decidiu-se por tratamento angiográfico. Após o procedimento, ela foi admitida à unidade de terapia intensiva neurocrítica, encontrando-se confusa e agitada, com necessidade de sedação e intubação orotraqueal. Na unidade de terapia intensiva, as investigações incluíram exames de ressonância magnética, punção lombar com painel viral, eletroencefalograma, testes para autoimunidade e avaliações hidroeletrolítica e metabólica. O exame de ressonância magnética mostrou área puntiforme restrita na corona radiata esquerda nas sequências de imagens pesadas em difusão, além de leve edema cortical posterior (sem restrição à difusão), e o eletroencefalograma mostrou atividade lenta difusa moderada, atividade frontoparietal lenta e escassos componentes paroxísticos associados no hemisfério esquerdo. Outros exames não mostraram alterações relevantes. Por causa da relação temporal e da história clínica, assim como imagens de ressonância magnética, formulou-se o diagnóstico de encefalopatia induzida por contraste. A sedação foi retirada após 2 dias na unidade de terapia intensiva, e a paciente foi extubada, verificando-se completa recuperação neurológica dentro das 24 horas seguintes.

ABSTRACT A 37-year-old woman (35 weeks pregnant) was admitted to a local hospital due to severe epistaxis resulting in shock and the need for emergency cesarean section. After failure to tamponade the bleeding, angiographic treatment was provided. After the procedure, she was admitted to the neurocritical intensive care unit and was confused and agitated, requiring sedation and endotracheal intubation. In the intensive care unit, diagnostic investigations included brain magnetic resonance imaging, lumbar puncture with viral panel, electroencephalogram, tests for autoimmunity, and hydroelectrolytic and metabolic evaluations. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a puntiform restricted diffusion area on the left corona radiata on diffusion weighted imaging and mild cortical posterior edema (without restricted diffusion), and an electroencephalogram showed moderate diffuse slow activity and fronto-temporal slow activity of the left hemisphere with associated scarce paroxysmal components. The other exams did not show any relevant alterations. Due to the temporal relationship, the clinical history and the magnetic resonance imaging results, a diagnosis of contrast-induced encephalopathy was made. After 2 days in the intensive care unit, sedation was withdrawn, the patient was extubated, and total neurological recovery was verified within the next 24 hours.

ABSTRACT This study investigated the effect of different phosphites on the control of coffee leaf rust (CLR) caused by Hemileia vastatrix, considered the major disease affecting coffee yield worldwide. Three-month-old coffee plants were sprayed with two doses each of the phosphite solutions (standar., and double), as follows: K (40% P2O5; 1.., and 3 mL∙L-1), K (30% P2O5; ., and 6 mL∙L-1), Cu (2.., and 5 mL∙L-1), Mn+Zn (., and 6 mL∙L-1., and Na (., and 6 mL∙L-1) 24 h before being inoculated with H. vastatrix. Leaves were not washed or washed with deionized water after the foliar phosphites spray. Plants sprayed with water served as the control treatment. Inoculation was performed on the abaxial side of the first pair of expanded leaves using a camel hairbrush with a suspension of urediniospores (1 mg per leaf). All phosphites applied at the standard doses (from 1.5 to 3 mL∙L-1) reduced the total number of pustules (TNP) per leaf by 28-69% regardless of washing treatment. The biggest reductions were observed for Cu phosphite, which decreased the TNP per leaf by 6., and 69% withou., and with leaf washing, respectively. A similar trend was observed when the double doses of phosphites (from 3 to 6 mL∙L-1) were used, though Na phosphite without leaf washin., and Mn/Zn phosphite withou., and with leaf washing were not efficient to reduce the TNP per leaf. Without leaf washing, only C., and Na phosphites decreased CLR severity at the standard doses (53-61%), whereas all phosphites, except the Mn/Zn phosphite, reduced CLR severity at the double dose. The CLR severity was decreased using K 30%, K 40., and Cu phosphites when applied at the standard doses with leaf washing (41-59%). With double doses, only C., and Na phosphites decreased CLR severity by 55% for both treatments. In conclusion, the efficiency of the phosphites for CLR control varied according to the accompanying cation, dos., and washing conditions. The Cu phosphite resulted in the best CLR control regardless of the dose use., and the washing conditions.

Resumo: Uma variedade de espécies de anuros tropicais usa riachos da floresta para depositar seus ovos, mas o uso e a seleção de recursos por girinos em florestas tropicais são pouco conhecidos. Na presente pesquisa, nossa hipótese era a de que a presença de serapilheira e a profundidade das poça dos riachos influenciam a presença de girinos devido à seleção de habitats de ovipostura pelos adultos e/ou seleção de micro-habitats pelos girinos. O trabalho de campo foi realizado na Estação Biológica de Boracéia, uma reserva de Mata Atlântica no estado de São Paulo, sudeste do Brasil. Amostramos girinos durante um ano usando 40 armadilhas-de-funil de dupla entrada distribuídas ao longo de quatro riachos na floresta. Apenas os efeitos da presença de serapilheira foram significativos Nós discutimos as relações entre a estrutura do habitat e características morfológicas, ecológicas e adaptações para procura de alimento e para evitar competição no interior da comunidade de girinos.

Abstract: Many tropical anurans use forest streams to deposit their eggs, but resource use and selection by tadpoles in tropical forests are poorly known. In the present research, we hypothesized that leaf litter and water depth affect tadpole assemblages due to adult habitat selection for oviposition and/or microhabitat selection by tadpoles. Fieldwork was carried out in the Estação Biológica de Boracéia, an Atlantic Rainforest reserve in São Paulo state, southeastern Brazil. We sampled tadpoles during a year using 40 double-entry funnel-traps distributed along four streams in the forest. Only leaf litter effects are species dependent. We discussed that habitat structure significance depends on the morphological and ecological adaptation to forage and avoid competition within the tadpole community.

RESUMO: Objetivos: Os objetivos do presente estudo foram: 1) estimar a prevalência de multimorbidade nos anos de 2013 e 2019 em adultos de 18 a 59 anos; 2) avaliar as desigualdades na prevalência de multimorbidade em 2013 e 2019, de acordo com a escolaridade. Métodos: Foram utilizados dados de dois inquéritos transversais da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde de 2013 e 2019. A multimorbidade foi avaliada a partir de 14 morbidades autorreferidas a partir de diagnóstico médico na vida (exceto problema na coluna) e definida usando-se o ponto de corte de ≥ 2 doenças. As prevalências de multimorbidade e morbidades individuais foram descritas de acordo com sexo, idade, cor da pele e escolaridade. Desigualdades brutas e relativas nas prevalências conforme a escolaridade foram calculadas utilizando-se o Slope Index of Inequality e o Concentration Index, respectivamente. Resultados: A prevalência de multimorbidade aumentou de 18,7% (IC95% 18,0–19,3), em 2013, para 22,3% (IC95% 21,7–22,9), em 2019, sendo maior entre mulheres e adultos entre 30 e 59 anos em ambos os períodos. Asma/bronquite, depressão e problemas na coluna foram as condições que mais aumentaram no período. Desigualdades absolutas e relativas foram observadas, com prevalências superiores entre os menos escolarizados e sem diferença entre os anos. Conclusões: A prevalência de multimorbidade aumentou no período de 2013 a 2019. Desigualdades na prevalência de multimorbidade foram observadas de acordo com a escolaridade.

ABSTRACT: Objective: The aims of this study were: 1) to estimate the prevalence of multimorbidity in 2013 and 2019 in adults aged 20–59 years; 2) to assess inequalities in the prevalence of multimorbidity in 2013 and 2019 according to educational level. Methods: Data from two cross-sectional surveys from the Brazilian National Health Survey in 2013 and 2019 were used. Multimorbidity was assessed from 14 lifetime self-reported morbidities (except back problems) and defined using the cutoff point of ≥2 diseases. The prevalence of multimorbidity and individual morbidities were described according to gender, age, skin color, and education. For education, crude, and relative inequalities in prevalence of multimorbidity were calculated using the Slope Index of Inequality and the Concentration Index, respectively. Results: The prevalence of multimorbidity increased from 18.7% (95%CI 18.0–19.3) in 2013 to 22.3% (95%CI 21.7–22.9) in 2019, being higher among women and adults between 30–59 years in both periods. Asthma/bronchitis, depression, and back problems were the conditions that increased the most in the study period. Absolute and relative inequalities by education status were observed in the study period, with worse multimorbidity profiles among the less educated. Conclusion: The prevalence of multimorbidity increased between 2013 and 2019. Inequalities in the prevalence of multimorbidity were observed according to educational level.

RESUMO: Objetivos: Os objetivos do presente estudo foram: 1) estimar a prevalência de multimorbidade nos anos de 2013 e 2019 em adultos de 18 a 59 anos; 2) avaliar as desigualdades na prevalência de multimorbidade em 2013 e 2019, de acordo com a escolaridade. Métodos: Foram utilizados dados de dois inquéritos transversais da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde de 2013 e 2019. A multimorbidade foi avaliada a partir de 14 morbidades autorreferidas a partir de diagnóstico médico na vida (exceto problema na coluna) e definida usando-se o ponto de corte de ≥ 2 doenças. As prevalências de multimorbidade e morbidades individuais foram descritas de acordo com sexo, idade, cor da pele e escolaridade. Desigualdades brutas e relativas nas prevalências conforme a escolaridade foram calculadas utilizando-se o Slope Index of Inequality e o Concentration Index, respectivamente. Resultados: A prevalência de multimorbidade aumentou de 18,7% (IC95% 18,0–19,3), em 2013, para 22,3% (IC95% 21,7–22,9), em 2019, sendo maior entre mulheres e adultos entre 30 e 59 anos em ambos os períodos. Asma/bronquite, depressão e problemas na coluna foram as condições que mais aumentaram no período. Desigualdades absolutas e relativas foram observadas, com prevalências superiores entre os menos escolarizados e sem diferença entre os anos. Conclusões: A prevalência de multimorbidade aumentou no período de 2013 a 2019. Desigualdades na prevalência de multimorbidade foram observadas de acordo com a escolaridade.

ABSTRACT: Objective: The aims of this study were: 1) to estimate the prevalence of multimorbidity in 2013 and 2019 in adults aged 20–59 years; 2) to assess inequalities in the prevalence of multimorbidity in 2013 and 2019 according to educational level. Methods: Data from two cross-sectional surveys from the Brazilian National Health Survey in 2013 and 2019 were used. Multimorbidity was assessed from 14 lifetime self-reported morbidities (except back problems) and defined using the cutoff point of ≥2 diseases. The prevalence of multimorbidity and individual morbidities were described according to gender, age, skin color, and education. For education, crude, and relative inequalities in prevalence of multimorbidity were calculated using the Slope Index of Inequality and the Concentration Index, respectively. Results: The prevalence of multimorbidity increased from 18.7% (95%CI 18.0–19.3) in 2013 to 22.3% (95%CI 21.7–22.9) in 2019, being higher among women and adults between 30–59 years in both periods. Asthma/bronchitis, depression, and back problems were the conditions that increased the most in the study period. Absolute and relative inequalities by education status were observed in the study period, with worse multimorbidity profiles among the less educated. Conclusion: The prevalence of multimorbidity increased between 2013 and 2019. Inequalities in the prevalence of multimorbidity were observed according to educational level.

Resumo A presente nota analisa os fatores que contribuem com o diferencial de desempenho escolar entre alunos que frequentam escolas da zona rural e urbana no Brasil. Os resultados mostram que, em ambas as disciplinas (Matemática e Português), os alunos de escola urbanas apresentam melhor desempenho que os estudantes da zona rural. Os exercícios de estimação mostram que o efeito característica das escolas explica mais o diferencial urbanorural que o efeito retorno (ou efeito estrutural). Também observou-se que as características da escola frequentada pelos alunos são as principais características impulsionadoras da diferença de notas, principalmente nos quantis superiores e, especialmente, em Matemática.

Abstract This note analyzes which factors contribute to the performance differential of students attending schools in rural and urban areas in Brazil. Our results show that, in both subjects (Math and Portuguese), students from schools located in urban areas perform better than students from rural area schools. The decomposition exercise shows that the characteristic-effect explain more the urban-rural differential than the return-effect (or structural-effect). Also, the characteristics of the school attended by the students are the major drivers of the difference in grades mainly in the upper quantiles and especially in Math.