Resumen El avance de la modernidad torna imperativo asegurar el adecuado funcionamiento de los servicios gubernamentales y la efectiva implementación de políticas y programas para garantizar la sostenibilidad de la ciudadanía. El objetivo de esta investigación fue proporcionar un análisis exhaustivo de las tendencias actuales, vacíos temáticos y áreas de investigación futura en administración y gestión pública. Para lograr ello, se llevó a cabo un análisis cienciométrico y una revisión sistemática de literatura sobre la última producción en Scopus, durante los últimos cinco años. Los hallazgos revelan que la producción actual presenta una tendencia al alza. Se identificaron tres categorías de tendencias: consolidadas, intermedias y emergentes. Entre las tendencias consolidadas se destacaron términos como gobernanza, transparencia, corrupción, gobierno electrónico y sostenibilidad. Las tendencias emergentes contemplan: salud pública, big data, gobierno abierto, transformación digital y ciudades inteligentes. También se reveló la importancia de una gobernanza efectiva y participación ciudadana en salud y, la adopción estratégica de tecnologías para mejorar la eficiencia operativa y prestación de servicios gubernamentales personalizados. En futuros trabajos, se recomienda el estudio en las tendencias emergentes, intermedias o vacíos temáticos identificados, tales como la colaboración público-privada e internacional en el desarrollo de una gobernanza sostenible, difusión y prevención salud en comunidades en estado de vulnerabilidad o, el impacto de las TIC en logro de resultados en países en desarrollo.

Abstract In this research, it was shed light on the imperative of ensuring effective government services and sustainable policies in the context of modernity. The study utilized a combination of scientometric analysis and systematic literature review to explore the current landscape of public administration and management. The analysis of the latest Scopus publications revealed a noticeable increase in research production over the past five years. There were identified three categories of trends: consolidated, intermediate, and emerging. Prominent themes included governance, transparency, corruption, e-government, and sustainability, while emerging trends encompassed public health, big data, open government, digital transformation, and smart cities. The findings emphasize the critical role of effective governance and citizen participation in shaping health-related policies, as well as the strategic adoption of technologies to improve service delivery. Looking ahead, it is proposed further investigation into emerging and intermediate trends, along with addressing identified thematic gaps such as public-private and international collaboration for sustainable governance, addressing health disparities in vulnerable communities and the role of higher education to develop ethical leaders. Moreover, the impact of information and communication technologies (ICTs) on achieving developmental goals in developing countries merits in-depth exploration. This research contributes valuable insights for policymakers, academics, and practitioners seeking to enhance public administration practices and meet the evolving needs of society.

RESUMEN Este proyecto evalúa el riesgo de falla del suministro de agua para el sector agrícola en condiciones de cambio climático mediante la implementación de modelos hidrológicos que apoyan la toma de decisiones para satisfacer las demandas de consumo en tiempos de escasez. Este proyecto se desarrolló a través de una metodología que utiliza herramientas de modelado hidrológico como el software HydroBID y los modelos de gestión de recursos hídricos SIMGES y SIMRISK de AQUATOOL DSS. Las series de caudales para un escenario futuro se obtuvieron para diferentes escenarios de cambio climático a partir de un Modelo Climático Global (GCM) y el Experimento Regional Coordinado de Reducción del Clima (CORDEX) reduciendo la escala de los resultados de la escala global a la escala de cuenca utilizando un método estadístico basado en la teoría del caos. Estas proyecciones muestran que, en condiciones de cambio climático, el sector agrícola de la cuenca del Balsillas no sufrirá impactos significativos ya que podrá satisfacer la mayoría de los puntos de demanda.

ABSTRACT This project assesses the risk of water supply failure for the agricultural sector under climate change conditions by implementing hydrological models that support decision-making for satisfying consumptive demands in times of scarcity. This project was developed using hydrological modeling tools such as the HydroBID software and the SIMGES and SIMRISK water resource management models of AQUATOOL DSS. The flow series for a future scenario were obtained for different climate change scenarios from a Global Climate Model (GCM) and the Coordinated Regional Experiment on Climate Reduction (CORDEX) by downscaling the results from the global scale to basin-scale using a statistical method based on chaos theory. These projections show that under conditions of climate change, the agricultural sector of the Balsillas basin will not suffer significant impacts since they will be able to satisfy most demand points.

Resumen Los productos naturales marinos (PNM) aislados de muestras recolectadas en Colombia han sido estudiados desde principios de los años 1980, mas esta información no está integrada, ni recopilada. Esta revisión sistemática describe los artículos publicados hasta diciembre de 2019. 173 artículos cumplieron los criterios de inclusión de enfoque en PNM obtenidos de especímenes recolectados en mares colombianos; trabajos originales escritos en inglés, portugués o español. La mayoría de los artículos fueron escritos por investigadores de grupos colombianos, con poca interacción entre ellos. El 99,4% de los artículos estudiaban muestras recolectadas del mar Caribe. Se estudiaron 183 especies, especialmente esponjas y octocorales. Se identificaron 1690 compuestos (238 nuevos), principalmente diterpenos y derivados de esteroles. En el 76,8% de los artículos se midió alguna actividad biológica, principalmente antibiótica (34%) y anticancerígena (30%). Los artículos se publicaron en 51 revistas (74,6% internacionales). En conclusión, la investigación sobre los PNM de origen colombiano ha crecido con el tiempo. Algunas oportunidades para abordar las lagunas encontradas comprenden: explorar los organismos del océano Pacífico y los taxa poco estudiados; promover interacciones entre los grupos de investigación de los PNM y de otras áreas del conocimiento; e involucrar al sector productivo en la investigación de los PMN.

Abstract Marine Natural Products (MNPs) isolated from samples collected in Colombia have been an object of study since the early 1980's; however, this information is neither integrated nor compiled. This systematic review describes the articles published in scientific journals up to December 2019. 173 papers met the inclusion criteria of focusing on MNPs obtained from specimens collected from Colombian seas; all original papers written in English, Portuguese or Spanish. The selected papers were mostly authored by researchers from Colombian groups, with low interaction amongst themselves. 99.4% of the papers studied samples collected from the Caribbean Sea; 183 species were studied, mainly sponges and octocorals. In this study, 1,690 compounds (238 new ones) were reviewed, mainly diterpenes and sterol derivatives. Of the selected papers, 76.8% measured various biological activities, including antibiotic (34%) and anticancer (30%). These papers were published in 51 journals (74.6% were international). In conclusion, scientific work on natural marine products of Colombian origin has incremented over time. The most relevant opportunities to address and fill existing gaps comprise: exploring Pacific Ocean organisms and several of the misrepresented taxa; promoting strong interactions amongst the MNPs research groups, and accordingly with other areas of knowledge; and having the productive sector participate in MNPs research.

Resumo Os Produtos Naturais Marinhos (PNMs) isolados de amostras coletadas na Colômbia têm sido objeto de estudo desde a década de 1980; porém, esta informação não está integrada nem compilada. Esta revisão sistemática descreve os artigos publicados em revistas científicas até dezembro de 2019. 173 artigos atenderam aos critérios de inclusão de foco em PNMs obtidos de espécimes coletados em mares colombianos; artigos originais escritos em inglês, português ou espanhol. A maioria dos autores dos artigos eram pesquisadores de grupos colombianos, com baixa interação entre eles. 99,4% dos artigos estudavam amostras coletadas no Mar do Caribe. Foram estudadas 183 espécies, especialmente esponjas e octocorais. Nesta revisão, identificaram-se 1690 compostos (238 novos), principalmente diterpenos e derivados de esterol. 76,8% dos artigos mediram algumas atividades biológicas, incluindo antibiótica (34%) e anticancerígena (30%). Os artigos analisados foram publicados em 51 periódicos (74,6% internacionais). Em conclusão, o trabalho científico sobre PNM de origem colombiana cresceu ao longo do tempo. As oportunidades mais relevantes para preencher as lacunas existentes incluem: explorar organismos do Oceano Pacífico e os taxa pouco estudados; promover interação entre os grupos de pesquisa de PNMs e com grupos de outras áreas do conhecimento; e envolver o setor produtivo na pesquisa de PNMs.

ABSTRACT Sinami fruits are an interesting source of promising resources and can be used for the development of functional foods and cosmeceuticals. The objectives of the present study are focused on the evaluation of the proximal composition and chromatic parameters of the cake, the fatty acid profile of the oil obtained by the Folch and Soxhlet methods, and the content of total polyphenols and antioxidant activity of the residue after extraction with n-hexane and chloroform/methanol. The results of this study show that the carbohydrate content was 76,0 g/100 g and crude fiber was 19,20 g/100 g. The chromatic coordinates of the sinami cake presented values of a* = 18,11 and b* = -7,99. The fatty acid profile showed that C18:1n-9/oleic acid, C16:0/palmitic acid, C18:2n-6/linoleic acid are the main fatty acids. Furthermore, the t-test at 5% probability did not show significant differences between the Folch and Soxhlet methods. The extraction yield was higher with n-hexane compared to the chloroform/methanol solvent mixture. Total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity were higher in the residue after extraction with n-hexane. The results of this study provide excellent findings for the use of sinami cake as a partial substitute in commercial products.

RESUMEN Los frutos sinami son una fuente interesante de recursos promisorios y pueden ser aprovechados para el desarrollo de alimentos funcionales y cosméticos. Los objetivos del presente estudio se centran en la evaluación de la composición proximal y cromática de la torta, perfil de ácidos grasos del aceite obtenido mediante los métodos Folch y Soxhlet y el contenido de polifenoles totales y actividad antioxidante del residuo después de la extracción con n-hexano y cloroformo/metanol. Los resultados de este estudio muestran que el contenido de carbohidratos fue 76,0 g/100 g y la fibra cruda fue 19,20 g/100g. Las coordenadas cromáticas de la torta de sinami presentaron valores de a* =18,11 y b* = -7,99. El perfil de ácidos grasos mostró que el C18:1n-9/ ácido oleico, C16:0/ ácido palmítico, C18:2n-6/ ácido linoleico son los mayoritarios. Además la prueba de t al 5% de probabilidad no mostró diferencias significativas entre el método Folch y Soxhlet. El rendimiento de la extracción fue mayor con n-hexano en comparación a la mezcla de disolventes cloroformo/ metanol. El contenido de polifenoles totales y la actividad antioxidante fue mayor en el residuo después de la extracción con n-hexano. Los resultados de este estudio evidencian la factibilidad del uso de la torta de sinami como sustituto parcial en productos comerciales.

ABSTRACT Obesity in children and adolescents has increased exponentially around the world. Furthermore, the COVID-19 pandemic has led to a higher pediatric obesity rate. The excess adipose tissue generates a dysregulation of adiponectin, ghrelin, and leptin, among others. Metabolic alterations can develop cardiovascular disease, dyslipidemias, arterial hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, sleep disorders, and higher risk of COVID-19 severity. Obesity has different therapeutic approaches such as behavioral weight loss programs, pharmacologic treatments, and surgical procedures. Therefore, timely diagnosis and treatment are important to decrease the mortality in obesity among pediatric population.

RESUMEN La obesidad en niños y adolescentes ha aumentado exponencialmente en todo el mundo. Asimismo, la pandemia del coronavirus (COVID-19) ha conducido a una mayor tasa de obesidad pediátrica. El exceso de tejido adiposo genera una desregulación de hormonas como adiponectina, ghrelina y leptina, entre otras. Las alteraciones metabólicas pueden ocasionar enfermedad cardiovascular, dislipidemias, hipertensión arterial, diabetes mellitus tipo 2, enfermedad del hígado graso no alcohólico, trastornos del sueño y mayor riesgo de COVID-19 severo. La obesidad tiene diferentes enfoques terapéuticos, como programas conductuales de pérdida de peso, tratamientos farmacológicos y procedimientos quirúrgicos. De esta manera, el diagnóstico y el tratamiento oportuno es importante para disminuir la mortalidad asociada a la obesidad en la población pediátrica.

Abstract Five demosponges belonging to the order Axinellida: Axinella corrugata, Dragmacidon alvarezae, Dragmacidon reticulatum, Ptilocaulis walpersi, Myrmekioderma rea and one sponge belonging to the order Scopalinida: Scopalina ruetzleri were analyzed to assess their fatty acid composition in the phospholipid fraction. Additionally, the seasonal and intraspecific variation in fatty acids composition was assessed in M. rea and D. alvarezae. Fatty acid identification was conducted using an HRGC-MS with an ECL value of methyl ester derivatives, and analyzing their mass spectra. To confirm double bound location, N-acylpyrrolidide derivatives were used studying their mass spectra. In total, 83 fatty acids were identified with chain lengths ranging from C14 to C32. Interestingly, brominated fatty acids were identified, previously suggested for sponges. Polybranched fatty acids such as 4,8,12-trimethyltridecanoic acid (4,8,12-TMTD) and 3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadecanoic (phytanic acid) were found, without a clear distribution pattern. A predominance of iso-acids (i-15:0 and i-17:0) on anteiso acids were observed. Some seasonal variations in fatty acid (FA) compositions for M. rea and D. alvarezae were observed. The hierarchical Clusters Analysis (HCA) showed that the FA composition was species-specific but not informative at the family or order level.

Nowadays the discovery of new compounds from microorganisms has substantially decreased. Genomic studies have shown that certain genes are not expressed under standard laboratory conditions. In order to overcome this problem, several methods including microorganism co-culture have been developed. The aim of this work was to select binary co-cultures of marine-derived microorganisms to pursue further chemical studies. From 15 microorganisms, 151 interactions assays in solid media were performed using two different methodologies: distance assays and contact assays that allowed to distinguish between interactions due to diffusible compounds or due to cell-cell contact. For distance assays, the metabolic production changes were evaluated using 3 zones: two corresponding to each microorganism colony, and a third zone corresponding to the interaction zone. This division zone strategy allowed to assess the diffusion compounds gradient, and to suggest the producer microorganism of the induced compounds. The metabolic production of the co-cultures was evaluated using HPLC-DAD and NMR. Seven co-cultures were identified to be able to induce changes in the metabolic production. Remarkably, the co-culture between the fungus Purpureocillium sp. PNM-67 and the bacteria Rhodococcus sp. RKHC-26 or Gordonia sp. PNM-25 induce production of a red dye in the fungus. These are the first successful examples of interaction between a fungus and a mycolic acid-containing bacteria.

RESUMEN Afloramientos de cianobacterias marinas bentónicas son recurrentes en varias localidades del Caribe colombiano. En estos eventos, las cianobacterias crecen sobre el sustrato y organismos bentónicos sin que su efecto se haya evaluado completamente. Este estudio evaluó interacciones entre cianobacterias y corales hermatípicos con el fin de identificar efectos perjudiciales que podrían estar relacionados con mecanismos alelopáticos. Extractos orgánicos de cianobacterias recolectadas en las islas de San Andrés, Providencia y las Islas del Rosario fueron evaluados contra embriones del coral hermatípico Orbicella annularis. También se evaluó el efecto indirecto de extractos de cianobacterias resuspendidos en agua de mar para determinar retracción de pólipos y recuperación del coral Madracis mirabilis (=auretenra). Adicionalmente, se evaluó el efecto del contacto directo de extractos de cianobacterias y el coral Porites porites mediante la incorporación de los extractos en geles de PhytagelTM dispuestos en contacto directo con el coral. Después de 24, 48 y 72 h de exposición, los perfiles cromatográficos de las zooxantelas asociadas al coral fueron evaluados por HPLC. Un efecto negativo sobre las zooxantelas se evidenció por el incremento en feofitina, producto de degradación de la clorofila. Las capacidades competitivas de algas y cianobacterias debieran considerarse como un factor que podría incidir negativamente en iniciativas de restauración arrecifal. Las cianobacterias tienen la capacidad de competir con corales debido a sus tasas de crecimiento, defensas contra herbivoría y potenciales mecanismos alelopáticos.

ABSTRACT Blooms of marine benthic cyanobacteria are recurrent in several locations at the Colombian Caribbean. In these events, cyanobacteria grow over the substrate and benthic organisms although their effect has not been fully assessed. This study evaluated interactions between cyanobacteria and hermatypic corals, in order to identify any deleterious effects that could be related to allelopathic mechanisms. Organic extracts from cyanobacteria collected in San Andres, Old Providence and Rosario islands were tested against embryos of the reef-building coral Orbicella annularis. The indirect effect of cyanobacterial extracts was also assessed by resuspending the extracts in seawater and monitoring polyp retraction and recovery of the coral Madracis mirabilis (=auretenra). Additionally, the effect of direct contact between cyanobacterial extracts and the coral Porites porites was assessed by incorporating cyanobacterial extracts into Phytagel™ gels and placed in direct contact with the coral. After 24, 48 and 72 h of exposure, chromatographic profiles of associated zooxanthellae was evaluated by HPLC. A deleterious effect on the zooxanthellae was evidenced by an increase in pheophytin, a degradation product from chlorophyll. The competitive abilities of algae and cyanobacteria should be considered as a constraint to reef restoration initiatives. Cyanobacteria have the ability to compete with corals due to their growth rates, defenses against herbivory and potentially allelopathic mechanisms.

Resumen La generación eléctrica híbrida combina las ventajas de las celdas de combustible con sistemas de generación difíciles de predecir, como los fotovoltaicos y eólicos. El principal objetivo en este tipo de sistemas híbridos es minimizar el consumo de hidrógeno reduciendo costos e incrementando la autonomía del sistema. Este articulo propone un algoritmo de optimización, conocido como algoritmo de aprendizaje incremental basado en población, el cual tienen como objetivo maximizar la potencia producida por un generador fotovoltaico. Esta maximización reduce el consumo de hidrógeno combustible del sistema basado en hidrógeno. Adicionalmente, la velocidad de convergencia del algoritmo permite la computación en tiempo real de la mejor configuración para el sistema fotovoltaico, permitiendo una optimización dinámica del consumo de hidrógeno de la celda de combustible. Finalmente, se presenta una validación experimental del sistema considerando 6 paneles fotovoltaicos y una celda de combustible NEXA de 1.2 KW. Esta validación, demuestra la efectividad del algoritmo propuesto para la reducción del consumo de hidrógeno en este tipo de sistemas híbridos.

Abstract Hybrid generation combines advantages from fuel cell systems with non-predictable generation approaches, such as photovoltaic and wind generators. In such hybrid systems, it is desirable to minimize as much as possible the fuel consumption, for the sake of reducing costs and increasing the system autonomy. This paper proposes an optimization algorithm, referred to as population-based incremental learning, in order to maximize the produced power of a photovoltaic generator. This maximization reduces the fuel consumption in the hybrid aggregation. Moreover, the algorithm's speed enables the real-time computation of the best configuration for the photovoltaic system, which also optimizes the fuel consumption in the complementary fuel cell system. Finally, a system experimental validation is presented considering 6 photovoltaic modules and a NEXA 1.2KW fuel cell. Such a validation demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm to reduce the hydrogen consumption in these hybrid systems

Resumen Los dolabellanos son diterpenos con actividad antiviral, la mayor parte de los estudios se han realizado con compuestos aislados de algas pardas del genero Dictyota. Los corales blandos son también una importante fuente de dolabellanos, pero el potencial antiviral de estos ha sido muy poco estudiado. Se llevó a cabo el estudio químico de los dolabellanos presentes en los octocorales Eunicea laciniata y Eunicea asperula, recolectados en Santa Marta, Caribe colombiano. Los dolabellanos 1-6 fueron aislados del octocoral E. laciniata mientras que en E. asperula se encontraron los compuestos 2, 4 y 5. La elucidaci6n estructural se llev6 a cabo mediante RMN, espectrometría de masas, rotaci6n 6ptica y comparaci6n con reportes previos. El análisis por CG-EM evidenci6 que la dolabellatrienona (2) se puede transformar en los compuestos 4 y 5 como producto del almacenamiento prolongado, no obstante, tales compuestos también estuvieron presentes en los extractos de los organismos estudiados. El compuesto 6 inhibi6 la replicaci6n del VHS-1 (73,7% de inhibición en células infectadas a una concentraci6n de 50 µM) sin efecto citot6xico (CC50 = 959), mostrando una citotoxicidad similar al Aciclovir®, un control positivo, por lo cual es un candidato para la realizaci6n de estudios adicionales sobre el potencial antiviral de los dolabellanos.

Abstract Dolabellane diterpenes have considerable antiviral activity, but most studies have been focused towards compounds isolated from Dictyota brown algae. Although soft corals are also a significant source of these diterpenes, their antiviral potential has not been studied in detail. With the aim of assessing the biological activity of marine sources, we evaluated the dolabellane content in the soft corals Eunicea laciniata and E. asperula collected in Santa Marta, Colombian Caribbean. Dolabellanes 1-6 were isolated from E. laciniata while compounds 2, 4 and 5 were isolated from E. asperula. All compounds were identified by NMR, GC-EIMS, optical rotation and comparison with previously reported dolabellanes. GC-EIMS analyses showed that dolabellatrienone (2) transforms into compounds 4 and 5 as oxidation products upon prolonged storage; however, those compounds were also naturally present in the extract of the studied organisms. Pure dolabellanes were tested in vitro in antiviral assays against HSV-1. Compound 6 inhibited virus replication in infected cells (73.7% of inhibition at 50 µM) without cytotoxic effect (CC50 = 95 9), showing similar activity to the positive control Acyclovir®. Thus, compound 6 is an interesting candidate for further studies of dolabellanes as antivirals.

Resumo Os dolabellanos são diterpenos que têm mostrado atividade antiviral, os estudos neste campo estão centrados nos compostos isolados de algas do gênero Dictyota. Os octocorais também são uma fonte importante de dolabellanos, mas não tem sido estudados. Foirealizado o estudo químico dos octocorais Eunicea laciniata e Eunicea asperula, coletados em Santa Marta, Caribe Colombiano. O estudo químico dos dois organismos permitiu o isolamento dos dolabellanos 1-6 de E. laciniata, enquanto que para E. aspérula foram identificados os compostos 2, 4 e 5. A elucidação estrutural foi realizada mediante RMN, espectrometria de massas, rotação óptica e comparação com os dados da literatura. A análise por GC-MS evidenciou que a dolabelatrienona (2) pode gerar os compostos 4 e 5 como produto de degradação, a partir de um armazenamento prolongado. No entanto, os compostos também estavam presentes nos extratos dos organismos estudados. O composto 6 mostrou uma citotoxicidade similar ao Aciclovir®, um controle positivo, numa porcentagem de inibição da replicação do HVS-1 (73,7% de inibição em células infectadas na concentração de 50 µM) sem efeito citotóxico (CC50 = 959), o quetorna esse composto um candidato para o desenvolvimento de antivirais.

The results of an experimental analysis of thermal efficiency, power and emissions of liquefied petroleum gas stoves at altitudes between of 2200 and 4200 meters in Peru are presented. Five representative locations between these altitudes were chosen. A module designed and implemented for data collection was employed and reference international technical standards were used for calculating thermal efficiency, power and emissions. The results show that the prototype stove highly exceeds the three aspects compared to commercial stoves. It is concluded that power, thermal efficiency and emissions vary according to the altitude above sea level, which shows that in designing commercial stoves altitude was not considered. It was also observed that using the proposed stove prototype it is possible to achieve thermal efficiency higher than 50% and emissions below 0.15% (CO)N.

Se presentan los resultados del análisis experimental de rendimiento térmico, potencia y emisiones de cocinas a gas licuado de petróleo a altitudes de 2200 a 4200 metros en Perú. Se escogieron cinco localidades representativas entre estas altitudes. Se utilizó un módulo diseñado, e implementado para la toma de datos y se usaron como referencia normas técnicas internacionales para el procedimiento de cálculo de la eficiencia térmica, potencia y emisiones. Los resultados muestran que la cocina prototipo supera altamente en los tres aspectos a las cocinas comerciales. Se concluye que la potencia, emisiones y rendimiento térmico varían conforme a la altitud sobre el nivel del mar, lo cual evidencia que en el diseño de las cocinas comerciales no fue contemplada una variación de altitud. También, se observó que mediante una cocina mejorada (prototipo) es posible conseguir un rendimiento térmico mayor a 50 % y emisiones por debajo de 0.15% (CO)N.

ABSTRACT Several species of the genus Passiflora are distributed all over South America, and many of these species are used in popular medicine, mainly as sedatives and tranquilizers. This study analyzes the chemical profile of extracts of four Passiflora species used in folk medicine, focusing on the flavonoids, alkaloids and saponins. We employed simple and fast fingerprint analysis methods by high performance liquid chromatography, ultra performance liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis techniques. The analysis led to the detection and identification of C-glycosylflavonoids in all the plant extracts, these being the main constituents in P. tripartita var. mollissima and P. bogotensis. Saponins were observed only in P. alata and P. quadrangularis, while harmane alkaloids were not detected in any of the analyzed extracts in concentrations higher than 0.0187 ppm, the detection limit determined for the UPLC method.

Resumo Fundamento: Regurgitação ou escape paravalvar é uma complicação grave e incomum associada ao implante de prótese valvar. Estudos mostram incidência de 3% a 6% com repercussão hemodinâmica. Existem poucos estudos na literatura que comparam as abordagens cirúrgica e percutânea para sua correção. Objetivos: Comparar as abordagens cirúrgica e percutânea de correção da regurgitação paravalvar quanto a desfechos clínicos durante a internação e após 1 ano do procedimento. Métodos: Este é um estudo retrospectivo, descritivo e observacional, que incluiu 35 pacientes com escape paravalvar acompanhados no Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia entre janeiro de 2011 e dezembro de 2013 e que necessitaram de correção. Os pacientes foram divididos de acordo com o tratamento estabelecido e acompanhados por um período 1 ano após o procedimento. Resultados: O grupo submetido ao tratamento percutâneo foi considerado como de maior risco para complicações por apresentar pacientes mais idosos, com maior prevalência de diabetes, maior quantidade de cirurgias valvares prévias e menor valor médio de clearance de creatinina. Durante a evolução intra-hospitalar, observou-se grande número de complicações nos dois grupos (74,3% dos casos), sem diferença estatística nos desfechos analisados. Após 1 ano, o grupo percutâneo teve maior número de reintervenções (8,7% vs. 20%, p = 0,57) e mortalidade maior (0% vs. 20%, p = 0,08). Uma alta incidência de escape residual mitral foi verificada após procedimento percutâneo (8,7% vs. 50%, p = 0,08). Conclusão: A cirurgia é o tratamento de escolha da regurgitação paravalvar. A abordagem percutânea pode ser uma alternativa para os pacientes com risco cirúrgico elevado.

Abstract Background: Paravalvular regurgitation (paravalvular leak) is a serious and rare complication associated with valve replacement surgery. Studies have shown a 3% to 6% incidence of paravalvular regurgitation with hemodynamic repercussion. Few studies have compared surgical and percutaneous approaches for repair. Objectives: To compare the surgical and percutaneous approaches for paravalvular regurgitation repair regarding clinical outcomes during hospitalization and one year after the procedure. Methods: This is a retrospective, descriptive and observational study that included 35 patients with paravalvular leak, requiring repair, and followed up at the Dante Pazzanese Institute of Cardiology between January 2011 and December 2013. Patients were divided into groups according to the established treatment and followed up for 1 year after the procedure. Results: The group submitted to percutaneous treatment was considered to be at higher risk for complications because of the older age of patients, higher prevalence of diabetes, greater number of previous valve surgeries and lower mean creatinine clearance value. During hospitalization, both groups had a large number of complications (74.3% of cases), with no statistical difference in the analyzed outcomes. After 1 year, the percutaneous group had a greater number of re-interventions (8.7% vs 20%, p = 0.57) and a higher mortality rate (0% vs. 20%, p = 0.08). A high incidence of residual mitral leak was observed after the percutaneous procedure (8.7% vs. 50%, p = 0.08). Conclusion: Surgery is the treatment of choice for paravalvular regurgitation. The percutaneous approach can be an alternative for patients at high surgical risk.

Antecedentes: Los productos naturales aislados de microorganismos marinos han demostrado tener un amplio rango de actividades biológicas incluyendo inhibidores de quorum sensing. Objetivos: Estudiamos quince cepas bacterianas del phylum Firmicutes aisladas del coral blando Antillogorgia elisabethae que fueron evaluadas como una nueva fuente sostenible de compuestos inhibidores de quorum sensing (IQS). Métodos: Se prepararon cultivos en cuatro medios diferentes y extraídos usando una resina no iónica. Todos los extractos fueron probados con el fin de establecer su actividad inhibitoria de quorum sensing (IQS) usando Chromobacterium violaceum ATCC 31532 como biosensor. Los extractos activos fueron fraccionados mediante cartuchos RP-18. Cada fracción fue evaluada mediante bioensayo y analizada por HPLC. Resultados: Las fracciones metanólicas de Jeotgalicoccus halophilus y Oceanobacillus profundus fueron las más activas, lo cual sugiere que los compuestos no polares pueden ser los responsables de esta actividad. Conclusiones: El estudio químico del extracto orgánico de O. profundus cultivado en medio LBS permitió aislar los compuestos tirosol (1) y acetato de tirosol (2) como los responsables de la actividad IQS.

Background:Natural products isolated from marine microorganisms have demonstrated a wide range of biological activities included quorum sensing inhibitors. Objectives: We study fifteen marine Firmicutes bacterial strains isolated from the Caribbean soft coral Antillogorgia elisabethae that were evaluated as a novel and sustainable source of quorum sensing inhibitor compounds. Methods: Cultures were made in four different culture media and further extracted using a non-ionic resin. All these extracts were tested in order to establish its quorum sensing inhibition (QSI) activity using Chromobacterium violaceum ATCC 31532. The active extracts were fractionated by RP-18 cartridge. Each fraction was tested and evaluated for its composition by HPLC-PDA. Results: Methanol fractions of Jeotgalicoccus halophilus and Oceanobacillus profundus were the most active ones, suggesting that non-polar compounds could be the responsible for the QSI activity of the bacterial extracts here tested. Conclusions:The chemical study of the organic extract of Oceanobacillus profundus cultured in LBS, yielded the compounds tyrosol (1) and tyrosol acetate (2) as responsible of QSI activity showed by the organic extract.

Abstract Biofilm has a primary role in the pathogenesis of diseases and in the attachment of multicellular organisms to a fouled surface. Because of that, the control of bacterial biofilms has been identified as an important target. In the present study, five lipid compounds isolated from soft coral Eunicea sp. and three terpenoids together with a mixture of sterols from Eunicea fusca collected at the Colombian Caribbean Sea showed different effectiveness against biofilm formation by three marine bacteria associated with immersed fouled surfaces, Ochrobactrum pseudogringnonense,Alteromona macleodii and Vibrio harveyi, and against two known biofilm forming bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. The pure compounds were characterized by NMR, HRESI-MS, HRGC-MS and optical rotation. The most effective compounds were batyl alcohol (1) and fuscoside E peracetate (6), acting against four strains without affecting their microbial growth. Compound 1 showed biofilm inhibition greater than 30% against A. macleodii, and up to 60% against O. pseudogringnonense,V. harveyi and S. aureus. Compound 6 inhibited O. pseudogringnonense and V. harveyi between 25 and 50%, and P. aeruginosa or S. aureus up to 60% at 0.5 mg/ml. The results suggest that these compounds exhibit specific biofilm inhibition with lower antimicrobial effect against the bacterial species assayed.