Abstract The study of corneal biomechanics has become relevant in recent years due to its possible applications in the diagnosis, management, and treatment of various diseases such as glaucoma, keratorefractive surgery and different corneal diseases. The clinical biomechanical investigation has become of great importance in the setting of refractive surgery to identify patients at higher risk of developing iatrogenic ectasia. This review focuses on two of the technologies available for clinical use, the Ocular Response Analyzer (Reichert Ophthalmic Instruments, Buffalo, NY, USA) and the Corvis ST (Oculus Optikgergäte GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany). Both are non-contact tonometers that provided a clinical evaluation of corneal biomechanics. The fundamentals and main parameters of each device are described, as well as their use in eye surgery and the corneal biomechanical behavior in eye diseases. Finally, we will discuss the more recent Brillouin microscopy biomechanical analysis, and the integration Scheimpflug-based corneal tomography and biomechanical data with artificial intelligence to increase accuracy to detect risk of ectasia.

Resumen El estudio de la biomecánica corneal ha cobrado relevancia en los últimos años debido a sus posibles aplicaciones en el diagnóstico, el manejo y el tratamiento de diversas enfermedades, como glaucoma, cirugía queratorrefractiva y diferentes enfermedades corneales. La investigación de la biomecánica corneal es de mucha importancia en el contexto de cirugía refractiva, pues podría identificar pacientes en riesgo de desarrollar una ectasia corneal iatrogénica. Esta revisión se centra en dos de las tecnologías disponibles para uso clínico: el Ocular Response Analyzer (Reichert Ophthalmic Instruments, Buffalo, NY, EE. UU.) y el Corvis ST (Oculus Optikgergäte GmbH, Wetzlar, Alemania). Ambos son tonómetros de no contacto que proporcionan una evaluación clínica de la biomecánica corneal. Se describen los fundamentos y los principales parámetros de cada dispositivo, así como su uso en cirugía ocular y el comportamiento biomecánico corneal en las enfermedades oculares. Finalmente, se mencionan los dispositivos más recientes de análisis biomecánico, como la microscopía de Brillouin, así como la integración de los datos biomecánicos y topográficos basados en Scheimpflug con la inteligencia artificial para aumentar la precisión en la detección del riesgo de ectasias.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The albumin-to-creatinine ratio and total protein-to-creatinine ratio in spot urine samples have already been validated as surrogates for 24-hour albuminuria and proteinuria measurements. Thus, we hypothesized that the type of proteinuria, detected by the electrophoretic pattern of 24-hour urine, could be predicted by the simple proportion of albumin in the total urine protein content, using the albumin-to-protein ratio (APR). Our study sought to validate the use of APR as a cheaper substitute for urinary protein electrophoresis (UPE). Methods: Using different mathematical models, we compared, the albumin fraction in 24-hour urine samples by electrophoresis and the APR ratio in spot samples from 42 outpatients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Results: A strong log-order correlation r = 0.84 (0.75–0.92; 95% CI, p = 0.001) was observed between APR and the albumin fraction in the UPE. Conclusion: The APR can substitute electrophoresis in CKD outpatients.

Resumo Introdução: A utilização da razão albumina/creatinina e da razão proteína total/creatinina em amostras isoladas de urina já foram validadas como substitutos para a albuminúria e proteinúria em 24 horas. Assim, nossa hipótese é que o tipo de proteinúria, dado pelo padrão eletroforético da urina de 24 horas, poderia ser previsto pela simples proporção de albumina no conteúdo total de proteínas na urina, utilizando a razão albumina/proteína (RAP). O presente estudo procurou validar o uso da RAP como um substituto mais prático e de menor custo da eletroforese de proteínas urinárias (EPU). Métodos: Foram utilizados diferentes modelos matemáticos a fim de comparar a fração de albumina pela eletroforese em amostras de urina de 24 horas e a RAP em amostras isoladas em 42 pacientes ambulatoriais com doença renal crônica. Resultados: Foi observada uma forte correlação logarítmica r = 0,84 (0,75–0,92; 95% CI, p = 0,001) entre a RAP e a fração de albumina pela EPU. Conclusão: A RAP pode substituir a eletroforese urinária em pacientes renais crônicos ambulatoriais.

ABSTRACT: Using traditional systematic, phytosociological and multivariate statistical methods, the flora and vegetation of three coastal wetlands of the inland sea were compared: Huildad and Putemum on the big island of Chiloé and Quillaipe in the Gulf of Reloncaví, in Los Lagos Region, Southern Chile. The total flora was composed by 91 plant species, of which 75 of which were native and 16 introduced. From the total also 62 correspond to Dicots, 20 Monocots and 9 Pteridophytes. Woody plants and perennial herbs dominated the biological spectrum. Fifty-six species were terrestrial, 26 marshy, 5 epiphytic, 2 psamophytes and 3 aquatic plants. Seventy species are from non-saline environments, 16 are halophytes and 5 are indifferent. Ferns were found only in Chiloé, with a greater extension of forest vegetation. Native species decrease from South to North and introduced species from North to South, in the same way of woody plants and perennial herbs. Only in Quillaipe helophytes and marsh camephytes were abundant. There was a negative correlation between the number of inhabitants of the nearest city and the number of plant species. The floristic similarity between wetlands was very low. Five plant formations were distinguished: forests, scrubs, prairie, freshwater streams and marshes. In the three wetlands, a total of 16 plant associations were identified, with only 2 common to them, so there was also a low vegetation similarity. Eleven associations were primary, 4 secondary and 1 tertiary (Ulexeuropaeusscrub). In general, the wetlands studied are less diverse in flora and vegetation than those in the open sea and further north, in Chile.

RESUMEN: Con metodologías de sistemática tradicional, fitosociológica y estadística multivariada se comparó la flora y la vegetación de tres humedales costeros de mares interiores: Huildad y Putemum en la isla grande de Chiloé y Quillaipe en el Golfo de Reloncaví, en la Región de Los Lagos, en el Sur de Chile. La flora total de ellos está formada por 91 especies de las cuales, 75 son nativas y 16 introducidas. También a ella pertenecen 62 Dicotiledóneas, 20 Monocotiledóneas y 9 Pteridófitos. En el espectro biológico dominan plantas leñosas y hierbas perennes. Cincuenta y seis especies son terrestres, 26 palustres, 5 epifíticas, 2 psamófitas y 3 plantas acuáticas (hidrófitos). Setenta especies son de ambientes no salinos, 16 son halófilos y 5 indiferentes. Helechos se encontraron sólo en Chiloé, con una mayor extensión de vegetación boscosa. Las especies nativas disminuyen de sur a norte y las introducidas de norte a sur, de la misma manera se comportan las plantas leñosas y las hierbas perennes. Sólo en Quillaipe abundaron los helófitos (plantas palustres) y caméfitos de marismas. Se presentó una correlación negativa entre número de habitantes de la ciudad más cercana con el número de especies presentes. La similitud florística entre humedales es muy baja. Se distinguieron 5 formaciones vegetales: bosques, matorrales, praderas, arroyos dulciacuícolas y marismas. En los tres humedales se presentaron en total 16 asociaciones vegetales de las cuales sólo 2 son comunes a ellos, por lo que también se presentó baja similitud vegetacional. Once asociaciones son primarias, 4 secundarias y 1 terciaria (matorral de Ulex europaeus). En general, los humedales estudiados son menos diversos en flora y vegetación que los del mar abierto y de más al norte, en Chile.

Abstract Lipids extracted from microalgae for biofuel production have drawn the attention of researchers. Various methods for quantification of neutral lipids, such as solvent extraction or gravimetric, require a large volume of sample and are time-consuming. In this work, Nile Red was employed to evaluate the lipid content in microalgae Scenedesmus sp. through 2D fluorescence spectroscopy using chemometric modeling with a selection of wavelength pairs reducing the variable numbers. Cultivation of microalgae for 10 days was performed. Samples were taken starting after the 5th day of cultivation. Microalgae samples were dried using an oven with tangential airflow and the conventional Bligh and Dyer method for lipid extraction was employed. Before the measurement of fluorescence, the samples were diluted in ethanol at 40°C for 10 minutes, and then Nile Red solution (10 µg/mL ethanol) was added. The results of lipid quantification using the proposed technique achieved mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) lower than 5% and correlation coefficients around 0.99 in the test phase. Linear models using four excitation-emission pairs of fluorescence were fitted and were selected based on Pure Spectral Chemometric Modelling (PSCM). The method for lipid quantification using predictive linear models and 2D fluorescence proved to be robust and fast (requiring less than 30 min) compared to the conventional gravimetric method (which takes at least 5 hours) to obtain comparable results.

Abstract Cowpea is grown mainly in regions with a hot semi-arid climate, where other pulses do not develop satisfactorily. It is the 4th most produced pulse in the world, thus supplying the domestic and export markets. Following the trends of the food products market, a study was carried out to identify the best condition of the extrusion process, to transform these nutritious grains into quality expanded products and ready for consumption. The grains were decorticated and transformed into cotyledon flour. This flour was conditioned and the Evolum HT25 twin screw extruder feeder was adjusted to a rate of 7 kg h-1. A Box-Behnken 23 design was used, considering the following variables and levels: extrusion temperature from 100 °C to 140 °C (in the 7th to 10th zone), screw speed (300 to 700 rpm) and conditioning moisture from 12% to 16%. The temperature affected linearly and negatively (p ≤ 0.05) the sectional expansion index (2.65 to 7.64). The screw speed interfered linearly and positively (p ≤ 0.05) in the longitudinal (1.12 to 9.32) and volumetric (4.91 to 24.15) expansion index, and negatively with the water absorption index (3.05 to 3.86 g g-1). The screw speed (positive linear and negative quadratic), the moisture content (negative quadratic) and the interaction (positive) between the two interfered (p ≤ 0.05) in the water solubility index (25.89% to 33.85%). The hardness value (1.24 to 2.83 N) was affected (p ≤ 0.05) by screw speed (negative linear and positive quadratic), temperature (negative quadratic), moisture (positive quadratic), and interactions of moisture with temperature and screw speed. To obtain a hardness value close to that of commercial extrudates and high-water solubility, the maximum global desirability obtained was 0.81 for extrusion at 135.6 °C, 700 rpm and 12% moisture.

Resumo O feijão-caupi é cultivado principalmente em regiões de clima semiárido quente, onde outras pulses não se desenvolvem satisfatoriamente. É a quarta pulse mais produzida no mundo, abastecendo o mercado interno e de exportação. Seguindo as tendências do mercado de produtos alimentícios, realizou-se o estudo para identificar a melhor condição do processo de extrusão, para transformar esses grãos nutritivos em produtos expandidos de qualidade e prontos para o consumo. Os grãos foram descorticados e transformados em farinha de cotilédones. Essa farinha foi condicionada e o alimentador da extrusora de dupla rosca Evolum HT25 foi ajustado para uma taxa de 7 kg h-1. Um delineamento Box-Behnken 23 foi utilizado, contemplando as seguintes variáveis e níveis: umidade de condicionamento de 12% a 16%, temperatura de extrusão de 100 °C a 140 °C (da 7ª a 10ª zona) e velocidade das roscas de 300 a 700 rpm. A temperatura afetou linear e negativamente (p ≤ 0,05) o índice de expansão seccional (2,65 a 7,64). A velocidade das roscas interferiu linear e positivamente (p ≤ 0,05) nos índices de expansão longitudinal (1,12 a 9,32) e volumétrica (4,91 a 24,15), e negativamente no índice de absorção de água (3,05 a 3,86 g g-1). A velocidade das roscas (linear positiva e quadrática negativa), o teor de umidade (quadrática negativa) e a interação (positiva) entre essas duas variáveis interferiram (p ≤ 0,05) no índice de solubilidade em água (25,89% a 33,85%). O valor da dureza (1,24 a 2,83 N) foi afetado (p ≤ 0,05) pela velocidade das roscas (linear negativo e quadrático positivo), pela temperatura (quadrático negativo) e pela umidade (quadrático positivo), e pelas interações negativas da umidade com a temperatura e a velocidade das roscas. Para obtenção de valor de dureza próximo aos de extrusados comerciais e alta solubilidade em água, a desejabilidade global máxima obtida foi de 0,81 para extrusão a 135,6 °C, 700 rpm e 12% de umidade.

Abstract The Yarinacocha lake is an emblematic ecosystem of the Peruvian Amazon, representing the main point of fish landing and a tourist attraction in the city of Pucallpa. The wide fauna diversity in this area has made it the target of various studies, although for fish species most of them were focused on commercial species. In this work, we carried out the first ichthyofauna species inventory of the Yarinacocha lake, sampling throughout the entire lake during the rainy and dry seasons and considering also all previously recorded species deposited in the Ichthyological Collection of the MUSM with the same locality. A total of 164 fish species were recorded, representing 10 orders (plus Eupercaria), 34 families and 116 genera. Characiformes was the order with more species (68 spp., 41.5%) followed by Siluriformes (59 spp., 36%), Cichliformes (17 spp., 10.5%), and Gymnotiformes (8 spp., 4.9%). The most highly represented families, including almost 55.5% of the total diversity obtained, were Characidae (23 spp., 14%), followed by Cichlidae (17 spp., 10.4%), Loricariidae (14 spp., 8.5%), Pimelodidae (13 spp., 7.9%), Doradidae (13 spp., 7.4%) and Anostomidae (12 spp., 7.3%). From the total fish species recorded in this study, only 22 are considered protected species following the IUCN criteria and 109 species have commercial importance, including 90 ornamental species (54.8%). Our results contribute to the knowledge of the ichthyofauna of the Yarinacocha lake and can be used as a starting point for its conservation and sustainable management over time.

Resumo O lago Yarinacocha é um ecossistema emblemático da Amazônia peruana, representando o principal ponto de desembarque de peixes e também uma atração turística da cidade de Pucallpa. A grande diversidade faunística nesta área a tornou alvo de vários estudos, embora para as espécies de peixes a maioria deles tenha sido focada em espécies comerciais. Neste trabalho, realizamos o primeiro inventário da ictiofauna do lago Yarinacocha, amostrando todo o lago durante as estações chuvosa e seca, e também considerando todas as espécies depositadas na Coleção Ictiológica do MUSM dessa localidade. Um total de 164 espécies de peixes foram registradas, representando 10 ordens (mais Eupercaria), 34 famílias e 116 gêneros. Characiformes foi a ordem com mais espécies (68 espécies, 41,5%), seguida por Siluriformes (59 espécies, 36%), Cichliformes (17 espécies, 10,5%) e Gymnotiformes (8 espécies, 4,9%). As famílias mais representadas, incluindo quase 55,5% da diversidade total obtida, foram Characidae (23 spp., 14%), seguido por Cichlidae (17 spp., 10,4%), Loricariidae (14 spp., 8,5%), Pimelodidae (13 spp., 7,9%), Doradidae (13 spp., 7,4%) e Anostomidae (12 spp., 7,3%). Do total de espécies de peixes registradas neste estudo, apenas 22 são consideradas espécies protegidas seguindo os critérios da IUCN e 109 espécies têm importância comercial, incluindo 90 espécies ornamentais (54,8%). Nossos resultados contribuem para o conhecimento da ictiofauna do lago Yarinacocha e podem ser utilizados como ponto de partida para sua conservação e manejo sustentável ao longo do tempo.

Abstract Introduction: In cholelithiasis, lipid and histopathological alterations have been found and suggest the accumulation of lipids in the gallbladder tissue (cholesterolosis), due to the few existing reports a study was carried out to determine their association. Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between the lipid profile and gallbladder histopathology in patients with cholelithiasis undergoing cholecystectomy. Methodology: An observational, cross-sectional, analytical, and prospective study was carried out in a group of patients from the Hospital General de México “Eduardo Liceaga” undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy from January 2015 to January 2020. With approval of the protocol by the ethics and research committee, the following variables were considered: age, sex, BMI, comorbidities (diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, cirrhosis), LDL-C, HDL-C, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and histopathological findings (cholesterolosis, polyps, xanthogranulomatosis, acute cholecystitis, and cholecystitis chronicle). A descriptive and inferential analysis was performed with SPSS v.24. It was considered p < 0.05 as significant. Results: From a group of 302 patients, 133 cases (108 women and 25 men) were included in the study. They presented overweight (39%) and obesity (33%), the lipid profile with hypoalphalipoproteinemia (61%), hypertriglyceridemia (40%), hypercholesterolemia (17%), and elevated LDL-C (16%); and in histopathology chronic cholecystitis (70%), cholesterolosis (28%), and acute cholecystitis (7%). Discussion: Our sample is representative of the Mexican population (in physical characteristics and lipid profile). However, no significant association was found between dyslipidemia and histopathological findings.

Resumen La gran diversidad de la quinua permite variaciones en el desempeño fisiológico, productivo y composicional. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar seis cultivares de quinua a través de las respuestas fisiológicas y nutricionales de sus semillas. Se identificaron diferentes dinámicas en la altura de las plantas y en el número de hojas que se ajustaron a un modelo sigmoidal con R2 mayor a 0,97 y 0,77, respectivamente. La concentración de clorofila varió a través de las fases fenológicas, al igual que el rendimiento cuántico máximo del fotosistema II. Se encontraron diferencias en los granos de quinua entre las coordenadas colorimétricas del CIEL*a*b* y el contenido de proteínas, carbohidratos y grasas. En este sentido, se determinó que los cultivares de quinua manifiestan diferentes comportamientos biológicos asociados a su carácter genético. Además, se reconoció una relación entre cultivares y la composición de semillas. Estos resultados permitirán a los investigadores estudiar la diferencia significativa entre la precocidad expresada por los cultivares Puno, Nariño y Titicaca y aquellos con un ciclo fenológico más largo como el cultivar Soracá.

Abstract The great diversity of quinoa allows variations in physiological, production, and compositional performance. This study aimed to evaluate six quinoa cultivars through the physiological and nutritional responses of their seeds. Different dynamics were identified in the plant height, and the number of leaves was adjusted to sigmoidal models with R2 greater than 0.97 and 0.77, respectively. The chlorophyll concentration varied through the phenological phases, as did the maximum quantum yield of photosystem II. Differences in the quinoa grains were found between CIEL*a*b* colorimetric coordinates and protein, carbohydrate, and fat contents. In this sense, quinoa cultivars manifest different biological behaviors associated with their genetic nature. Besides, a relationship between cultivars and seed composition was recognized. These results will allow researchers to study other significant differences between the precocity expressed by the Puno, Nariño, and Titicaca cultivars and those with a longer phenological cycle such as the Soracá cultivar.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis is a significant public health problem for which drugs are used with many adverse effects. Among the devastating consequences of these diseases, there is a wide variation in the incidence of ototoxicity and hearing loss in patients with multidrug-resistant and extremely resistant tuberculosis. Cochlear implants may be indicated in patients with unilateral/severe bilateral hearing loss with no benefit from conventional hearing aids, but their use in patients with tuberculosis is rare. Case report: We present the first case of a right unilateral cochlear implant performed on a 34-year-old Peruvian patient who presented profound sensorineural hearing loss of cochlear origin. Conclusion: Cochlear implant surgery is an essential milestone in the treatment of patients with auditory sequelae of tuberculosis treatment. Close monitoring of possible complications of tuberculosis treatment should be strengthened in countries with a high incidence of multidrug-resistant and extremely resistant tuberculosis.

RESUMEN Introducción: La tuberculosis multidrogorresistente es un importante problema de salud pública para el que se utilizan fármacos con múltiples efectos adversos. Entre las devastadoras consecuencias de estas enfermedades, existe una amplia variación en la incidencia de ototoxicidad y pérdida auditiva en pacientes con tuberculosis multirresistente y extremadamente resistente. Los implantes cocleares pueden estar indicados en pacientes con pérdida auditiva unilateral/bilateral severa sin beneficio de los audífonos convencionales, pero su uso en pacientes con tuberculosis es raro. Reporte de un caso: Presentamos el primer caso de implante coclear unilateral derecho realizado a un paciente peruano de 34 años que presentaba hipoacusia neurosensorial profunda de origen coclear. Conclusión: La cirugía de implante coclear es un hito fundamental en el tratamiento de los pacientes con secuelas auditivas del tratamiento de la tuberculosis. Se debe fortalecer la vigilancia estrecha de las posibles complicaciones del tratamiento de la tuberculosis en los países con una alta incidencia de tuberculosis multirresistente y extremadamente resistente.

Abstract Background: Pulmonary thromboendarterectomy is the current treatment of choice in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. The objective of the present study was to analyze the clinical and hemodynamic outcomes and the risk factors for mortality in a cardiovascular center in Colombia. Methods: Cohort study, conducted between 2001 and 2019. All operated patients were included in the study. Risk factors associated with mortality were established by means of a multivariate regression using the COX method and survival was established using the Kaplan–Meier method. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Seventy-three patients were operated. Median age was 51 years, 55% of females, 79% had functional Class III and IV. The mean pulmonary arterial pressure was 50 mmHg and 640 dyn.s.cm−5 for pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR). After the intervention, there was a decrease in mean pulmonary artery pressure (p ≤ 0.001) and in PVR (p = 0.357); 21% had evidence of residual pulmonary hypertension. Only 8% and 6% continued with functional Class III and IV at 6 and 12 months, respectively. There were 15 deaths (19.1%; 12% at 30 days). The factors associated with mortality were the diastolic diameter of the right ventricle measured postoperatively (hazard ratio [HR] 10.88 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.97-62, p = 0.007), time of invasive mechanical ventilation (HR 1.06 95% CI 1.02-1.09 p = 0.004), and the presence of complications during the surgical procedure (HR 5.62 95% CI 1.94-16.22 p = 0.001). Conclusions: Pulmonary thromboendarterectomy is associated with excellent clinical and hemodynamic outcomes. The mortality risk factors found are not those usually described in the literature.

Resumen Antecedentes: La tromboendarterectomía pulmonar es el tratamiento de elección actual en pacientes con hipertensión pulmonar tromboembólica crónica. El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar los resultados clínicos y hemodinámicos y los factores de riesgo de mortalidad en un centro cardiovascular de Colombia. Métodos: Estudio de cohorte entre 2001 y 2019. Se incluyeron todos los pacientes operados. Los factores de riesgo asociados a la mortalidad se establecieron mediante una regresión multivariante mediante el método COX y la supervivencia se estableció mediante el método de Kaplan-Meier. Los valores de p < 0.05 se consideraron estadísticamente significativos. Resultados: se operaron 73 pacientes. La mediana de edad fue de 51 años, 55% mujeres, 79% tenían clase funcional III y IV. La presión arterial pulmonar media fue de 50 mmHg y 640 dyn.s.cm−5 para la resistencia vascular pulmonar. Después de la intervención, hubo una disminución en la presión arterial pulmonar media (p ≤ 0.001) y en la resistencia vascular pulmonar (p = 0.357). El 21% tenía evidencia de hipertensión pulmonar residual. Solo el 8% y el 6% continuaron con clase funcional III y IV a los 6 y 12 meses respectivamente. Hubo 15 muertes (19.1%; 12% a los 30 días). Los factores asociados con la mortalidad fueron el diámetro diastólico del ventrículo derecho medido en el postoperatorio (HR 10.88 IC 95% 1.97-62, p = 0.007), el tiempo de ventilación mecánica invasiva (HR 1.06 IC 95% 1.02-1.09 p = 0.004) y el presencia de complicaciones durante el procedimiento quirúrgico (HR 5.62 IC 95% 1.94-16.22 p = 0.001). Conclusiones: La tromboendartectomía pulmonar se asocia con excelentes resultados clínicos y hemodinámicos. Los factores de riesgo de mortalidad encontrados no son los habitualmente descritos en la literatura.

Abstract The technology and research relationship is considerable at the time of presenting results, where scientific popularization magazines have the sole purpose of transmitting information to the community in general, where each research expert can capture the results of their studies considering the policies of each dissemination platform. From this perspective, the objective of this work was to know how the Padlet tool influences the dissemination of results generated from the training practice carried out in university training. The methodology used in this study was based on the inductive-deductive method, pragmatic paradigm, hybrid approach, sequential explanatory design, and sequential type. Where 96 university students participated who attended the ordinary academic period 2021, to whom a Likert scale-based survey was applied as an instrument, in addition to direct observation and bibliographic review. The results, elaboration, and dissemination of approximately 40 academic works will be observed, presented from the Padlet tool, and used to disseminate results. In conclusion, the means of disseminating research work are essential today to direct the dissemination of academic writing to optimize the education process at various educational institutions.

Resumen La relación tecnología e investigación es considerable, al momento de presentar resultados, donde las revistas de divulgación científica tienen como única finalidad transmitir información a la comunidad en general donde cada experto investigativo puede plasmar los resultados de sus estudios considerando las políticas de cada plataforma de divulgación. Desde esta perspectiva el objetivo del presente trabajo fue conocer cómo influye la herramienta Padlet en los procesos de difusión de resultados generados desde la practica formativa realizada en la capacitación universitaria. La metodología utilizada en este estudio se basó bajo el método inductivo-deductivo, paradigma pragmático, enfoque mixto, diseño explicativo secuencial y de tipo secuencial. Donde participaron 96 estudiantes universitarios quienes cursaban el periodo académico ordinario 2021 a quienes se les aplicó como instrumentos una encuesta basada en escala de Likert, además de la observación directa y la revisión bibliográfica. Dentro de los resultados se logró observar la elaboración y difusión de aproximadamente 40 trabajos académicos los cuales fueron presentados desde la herramienta Padlet siendo utilizada como medio de presentación en la difusión de resultados. En conclusión, los medios de difusión de trabajos investigativos son importantes en la actualidad, a fin de direccionar la divulgación del escrito académico con la intencionalidad de optimizar el proceso de educación en los diversos niveles de las instituciones educativas.

ABSTRACT: Cystadenoma is an uncommon benign epithelial tumor of the salivary glands, which usually appears as a slow-growing mass. In minor salivary glands, it is usually located in the lip, palate and buccal mucosa, whose differential diagnosis is a clinical challenge. The purpose of this report is to present 2 cases of palate cystadenoma, with emphasis on their clinical characteristics and differential diagnosis.

RESUMEN: El cistoadenoma es un tumor epitelial benigno de baja frecuencia en glándulas salivales, que habitualmente se presenta como una masa de crecimiento lento. En glándulas salivales menores se localiza habitualmente en labio, paladar y mucosa yugal, cuyo diagnóstico diferencial representa un desafío desde el punto de vista clínico. El propósito de este reporte es presentar 2 casos de cistoadenoma en paladar, con énfasis en sus características clínicas y diagnóstico diferencial.

RESUMO O artigo aborda como estabelecer relações entre a creche, a pré-escola do ensino fundamental e o programa Eduque seu filho, para aprimorar o trabalho dos agentes educativos, ao mesmo tempo em que organiza o processo educativo. O objetivo do trabalho é apresentar uma concepção teórico-metodológica que possibilite a articulação entre as modalidades de atenção à criança da primeira infância e se especifique ao revelar as relações entre os componentes que compõem a primeira infância, que se distingue por oferecer a desenho da inter-relação dos componentes pessoais e de organização para a solução dos problemas que se manifestam em diferentes cenários de trabalho. Assume-se os fundamentos da abordagem sociocrítica, que possibilita a utilização da pesquisa-ação participativa como método fundamental. Foram aplicados os principais métodos do nível teórico: histórico-lógico, analítico-sintético, indutivo-dedutivo, sistêmico-estrutural e como métodos empíricos: observação, entrevista, levantamento, modelagem, análise documental e triangulação de fontes; Além disso, o cálculo percentual e a análise qualitativa dos dados para a comparação e interpretação dos resultados obtidos na prática educativa Na investigação foi possível modificar a atuação dos agentes educacionais que intervêm no processo educativo, e a partir de sua ação para solucionar ou mitigar os efeitos das insuficiências que aparecem na prática nas modalidades de atenção à primeira infância por meio de canais institucionais e não institucionais.

ABSTRACT The article discusses how to establish relationships between the children's circle, the preschool grade in elementary schools and the Educate Your Child program, in order to improve the work of educational agents, while organizing the educational process. The objective of the work is to present a theoretical-methodological conception that makes possible the articulation between the modalities of attention to the early childhood and it is specified in revealing the relationships between the components that make up early childhood, which is distinguished by offering the design of the interrelation of the personal components, and of organization for the solution of the problems that are manifested in different work scenarios. The fundamentals of the socio-critical approach are assumed, which makes possible the use of participatory action research as a fundamental method. The main theoretical methods applied were: historical-logical, analytical-synthetic, inductive-deductive, systemic-structural and empirical methods: observation, interview, survey, modeling, documentary analysis and triangulation of sources; in addition, the percentage calculation and qualitative analysis of data for the comparison and interpretation of the results obtained in the educational practice In the research it was possible to modify the performance of the educational agents involved in the educational process, and from their joint action to solve or mitigate the effects of the inadequacies that occur in practice in the modalities of early childhood care through institutional and non-institutional channels.

RESUMEN El artículo aborda cómo establecer las relaciones entre el círculo infantil, el grado preescolar en las escuelas primarias y el programa Educa a tu hijo, para perfeccionar la labor de los agentes educativos, a la vez que se organiza el proceso educativo. El trabajo tiene como objetivo presentar una concepción teórico-metodológica que posibilite la articulación entre las modalidades de atención al niño de la primera infancia y se concreta en revelar las relaciones entre los componentes que conforman la primera infancia, la que se distingue por ofrecer el diseño de la interrelación de los componentes personales, y de organización para la solución de las problemáticas que se manifiestan en diferentes escenarios de trabajo. Se asumen los fundamentos del enfoque sociocrítico, que posibilita la utilización de la investigación acción participativa como método fundamental. Se aplicaron como métodos principales del nivel teórico: histórico-lógico, analítico-sintético, inductivo-deductivo, sistémico-estructural y como métodos empíricos: la observación, la entrevista, la encuesta, la modelación, el análisis documental y la triangulación de fuentes; además, el cálculo porcentual y el análisis cualitativo de datos para la comparación e interpretación de los resultados obtenidos en la práctica educativa En la investigación se logró modificar la actuación de los agentes educativos que intervienen en el proceso educativo, y a partir de su accionar mancomunado solucionar o atenuar los efectos de las insuficiencias que se presentan en la práctica en las modalidades de atención a la primera infancia por vía institucional y no institucional.

Abstract Hie ISDA framework agreement and its important risk mitigation tool, known as close-out netting, is an element of vital importance for the international derivatives market, without which, it would not exist in its current size and volume. This circumstance implies that regulators around the world find it necessary to adjust their private law and insolvency regime, to provide certainty regarding that this model agreement is achievable and valid in the event of insolvency of one of the parties. These regulatory adjustments are the "safe harbor rules." However, the form and design of these rules, most of the time aimed only to shelter the financial market, can generate serious distortions and differences with the general insolvency regime, thus breaking the traditional principle of equality between creditors (pari passu or par conditio creditorum) which is essential to this type of process. From the regulatory point of view, the breach of equality between creditors in the insolvency process must be justified by a constitutionally acceptable value or reason. This text seeks to make a critique about the ideologies or values that traditionally inspire these safe harbor regulations, to show that the mitigation of systemic risk as the reason that inspires them, is not a solid argument to defend the breakdown of equality between creditors.

Resumen El acuerdo marco ISDA y su importante herramienta de mitigación de riesgo, conocida como Close-out netting, es un elemento de vital importancia para el mercado de derivados internacional, sin el cual no existiría en su dimensión y volumen actuales. Esta circunstancia implica que los reguladores alrededor del mundo se ven en la necesidad de ajustar su régimen de derecho privado y de insolvencia, para brindar certeza acerca de que este modelo de acuerdo sea ejecutable y válido ante el evento de insolvencia de una de las partes. Estos ajustes regulatorios son las "normas de puerto seguro" Con todo, la forma y el diseño de estas normas, la mayoría de las veces dirigidas solo a cobijar al mercado financiero, pueden generar serias distorsiones y diferencias con el régimen de insolvencia general, rompiendo así el tradicional principio de igualdad entre acreedores (pari passu o par conditio creditorum) que es esencial a este tipo de procesos. Desde el punto de vista normativo, la ruptura de la igualdad entre acreedores en el proceso de insolvencia debe estar justificada por un valor o razón constitucionalmente atendible. El presente texto pretende hacer una lectura crítica de las ideologías o valores que inspiran tradicionalmente estas normas de puerto seguro, para mostrar que la mitigación de riesgo sistémico como razón que las inspira no es un argumento suficiente para justificar la ruptura de la igualdad entre acreedores

ABSTRACT Research on populations of the family Mugilidae is necessary for the framework of their good use and conservation, given the documented spatial-temporal variation in their attributes and biological processes. Mugil curema has also shown particularities in the southeastern Gulf of California, which should be considered. In total, 626 individuals were collected from February 2015 to August 2016. The gonad development pattern was asynchronous and divided into six ovarian and five testicular phases. The sex succession as size increases, the presence of only males in smaller sizes, some aspects of the ovarian structure, and the eosinophilic cells in the ovarian stroma suggest that M. curema could be a protandrous hermaphroditic species. Thus, the size at sexual maturity was smaller in males (18.26 cm in total length) than in females (22.08 cm). This information is greatly relevant for fishery management measures and the sustainable use approach and, at the same time, arouses interest in future research.