Abstract Regenerative approaches using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been evaluated to promote the complete formation of all missing periodontal tissues, e.g., new cementum, bone, and functional periodontal ligaments. MSCs derived from bone marrow have been applied to bone and periodontal defects in several forms, including bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC) and cultured and isolated bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). This study aimed to evaluate the periodontal regeneration capacity of BMAC and cultured BM-MSCs in the wound healing of fenestration defects in rats. Methodology: BM-MSCs were obtained after bone marrow aspiration of the isogenic iliac crests of rats, followed by cultivation and isolation. Autogenous BMAC was collected and centrifuged immediately before surgery. In 36 rats, fenestration defects were created and treated with suspended BM-MSCs, BMAC or left to spontaneously heal (control) (N=6). Their regenerative potential was assessed by microcomputed tomography (µCT) and histomorphometry, as well as their cell phenotype and functionality by the Luminex assay at 15 and 30 postoperative days. Results: BMAC achieved higher bone volume in 30 days than spontaneous healing (p<0.0001) by enhancing osteoblastic lineage commitment maturation, with higher levels of osteopontin (p=0.0013). Defects filled with cultured BM-MSCs achieved higher mature bone formation in early stages than spontaneous healing and BMAC (p=0.0241 and p=0.0143, respectively). Moreover, significantly more cementum-like tissue formation (p<0.0001) was observed with new insertion of fibers in specimens treated with BM-MSCs within 30 days. Conclusion: Both forms of cell transport, BMAC and BM-MSCs, promoted bone formation. However, early bone formation and maturation were achieved when cultured BM-MSCs were used. Likewise, only cultured BM-MSCs were capable of achieving complete periodontal regeneration with inserted fibers in the new cementum-like tissue.

Resumo Introdução A estabilidade primária é um dos objetivos da implantodontia moderna e, caso atingida, reduz o tempo de tratamento para a reabilitação protéticas e o número de intervenções realizadas. Diversas empresas preconizam a posição subcrestal no uso de implantes com conexão cônica interna. Objetivo Este estudo in vitro avaliou o efeito do posicionamento de implantes de conexão conica interna sub e equicrestal sob condições estáticas e em função, considerando dois tipos de densidades ósseas. Material e método um total de 200 espécimes de osso extraído do femur de suínos e padronizados por meio de radiografias e microtomografias computadorizadas foram separados em densidade alta e baixa. Implantes foram instalados no centro dos especimes e for a avaliados por meio de microCT e histomorfometria. Resultado Os resultados demonstraram que a colocação de implante subcrestalmente promoveu melhor estabilidade primária e performance em todas as situações, irrespectivamente à densidade óssea. Conclusão A colocação de implantes subcrestalmente melhora a estabilidade primária em todas as situações, sendo indicada quando da utilização de conexões cônicas internas.

Abstract Introduction Primary stability is one of the goals of modern implant dentistry and if achieved, reduces treatment time for prosthetic rehabilitation and the number of interventions made in patients mouth. Several companies state as protocol for connical conection implants, a subcrestally positioning. Objective This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the effect of placing a conical connection implant equicrestally and subcrestally on static and loading condition in two types of bone density. Material and method A total of 200 bone cylinders were extracted from femur of pigs, standardized by means of x-rays and computerized microtomography scan (microCT) and separated in low and high density specimens. The implants were placed on the center of the bone cylinders and were evaluated before and after loading by means of microCT and histomorphometry. Result The results showed that placing the evaluated implant subcrestally provided better primary stability and performance on static and loading situations on low and high density bone. Conclusion Placing implant subcrestally improve primary stability outcomes under loading and static situations.

Abstract The aim of this review was to update the evidence of new approaches to non-surgical therapy (NSPT) in the treatment of periodontitis. Preclinical and clinical studies addressing the benefits of adjunctive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy, probiotics, prebiotics/synbiotics, statins, pro-resolving mediators, omega-6 and -3, ozone, and epigenetic therapy were scrutinized and discussed. Currently, the outcomes of these nine new approaches, when compared with subgingival debridement alone, did not demonstrate a significant added clinical benefit. However, some of these new alternative interventions may have the potential to improve the outcomes of NSPT alone. Future evidence based on randomized controlled clinical trials would help clinicians and patients in the selection of different adjunctive therapies.

Abstract Clinical research needs to formulate a question, which must be answered by obeying ethical precepts with well-defined inclusion/exclusion criteria and approval of the study on platforms of ethical appreciation and clinical trial records. In comparing the results or clinically relevant outcomes should be prioritized in the study of techniques, products, inputs, drugs and therapies. However, it is not always possible to use long study drawings, with many participants, and with many costs, then look for study designs with surrogate outcomes, usually a shorter path, with less sample size and considerably lower costs to the research, with shorter intervention time. Considering these outcomes as major challenges in clinical research, the premise of this work was to examine in relevant research platforms, studies on the feasibility of using surrogate endpoints for clinically relevant parameters in dentistry, with a critical evaluation of the advantages, disadvantages, and need for validation of substitute parameters for clinical studies. After a critical analysis of the results, it could be concluded that surrogate endpoints may have an important role in the initial process of developing new drugs, faster, with less sampling, and lower risk of side effects for the patient. Careful use of the surrogate endpoints is advised because, even if validated, they can provide ambiguous evidence and not be extrapolated to other populations, and may lead to bias due to the individual interpretation of each researcher. The use of unplanned surrogate outcomes that arise during the study requires a lot of caution.

Abstract Objective: To monitor early periodontal disease progression and to investigate clinical and molecular profile of inflamed sites by means of crevicular fluid and gingival biopsy analysis. Methodology: Eighty-one samples of twenty-seven periodontitis subjects and periodontally healthy individuals were collected for the study. Measurements of clinical parameters were recorded at day −15, baseline and 2 months after basic periodontal treatment aiming at monitoring early variations ofthe clinical attachment level. Saliva, crevicular fluid and gingival biopsies were harvested from clinically inflamed and non-inflamed sites from periodontal patients and from control sites of healthy patients for the assessment of IL-10, MMP-8, VEGF, RANKL, OPG and TGF-β1 protein and gene expression levels. Results: Baseline IL-10 protein levels from inflamed sites were higher in comparison to both non-inflamed and control sites (p<0.05). Higher expression of mRNA for IL-10, RANK-L, OPG, e TGF-β1 were also observed in inflamed sites at day −15 prior treatment (p<0.05). After the periodontal treatment and the resolution of inflammation, seventeen percent of evaluated sites still showed clinically detectable attachment loss without significant differences in the molecular profile. Conclusions: Clinical attachment loss is a negative event that may occur even after successful basic periodontal therapy, but it is small and limited to a small percentage of sites. Elevated inflammation markers of inflamed sites from disease patients reduced to the mean levels of those observed in healthy subjects after successful basic periodontal therapy. Significantly elevated both gene and protein levels of IL-10 in inflamed sites prior treatment confirms its modulatory role in the disease status.

Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo randomizado, controlado e clínico foi comparar para recobrimento radicular a técnica de retalho estendido (EFT) com a técnica de retalho avançado coronalmente (CAF) utilizando uma matriz suína colágena (PCM). Vinte pacientes com duas retrações gengivais bilaterais, classe I ou II de Miller em dentes não molares foram tratados com PCM+CAF (grupo controle) ou PCM+EFT (grupo teste). Medidas clínicas de profundidade de sondagem, (PPD), nível clínico de inserção (CAL), altura da retração gengival (RH), altura do tecido queratinizado (KTH), espessura da mucosa queratinizada (KMT) foram determinadas no exame inicial, aos 3 e 6 meses após a realização das cirurgias. Após 6 meses a média de recobrimento radicular para o grupo teste foi de 81,89% e para o grupo controle foi de 62,80% (p<0,01). A mudança na altura das retrações gengivais em relação ao exame inicial foi estatisticamente significante entre os grupos teste e controle, com média de 2,21 mm ganhos nos sítios controle e 2,84 mm ganhos nos sítios teste (p=0,02). Não houve diferenças estatísticas significantes para os parâmetros KTH, PPD ou CAL comparando as duas terapias. A técnica de retalho estendido apresentou melhor recobrimento radicular do que a técnica de retalho avançado coronalmente quando a PCM foi usada.

Abstract: The aim of this randomized controlled clinical study was to compare the extended flap technique (EFT) with the coronally advanced flap technique (CAF) using a porcine collagen matrix (PCM) for root coverage. Twenty patients with two bilateral gingival recessions, Miller class I or II on non-molar teeth were treated with CAF+PCM (control group) or EFT+PCM (test group). Clinical measurements of probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), recession height (RH), keratinized tissue height (KTH), keratinized mucosa thickness (KMT) were determined at baseline, 3 and 6 months post-surgery. At 6 months, the mean root coverage for test group was 81.89%, and for control group it was 62.80% (p<0.01). The change of recession depth from baseline was statistically significant between test and control groups, with an mean of 2.21 mm gained at the control sites and 2.84 mm gained at the test sites (p=0.02). There were no statistically significant differences for KTH, PPD or CAL comparing the two therapies. The extended flap technique presented better root coverage than the coronally advanced flap technique when PCM was used.

A periodontite agressiva, uma entidade clínica distinta da doença periodontal, é caracterizada por uma pronunciada destruição episódica e rápida dos tecidos periodontais e pode resultar em perda rápida e precoce dos dentes. Alguns trabalhos têm mostrado que o debridamento mecânico convencional juntamente com higiene oral muitas vezes não é suficiente para o controle da doença. Apesar de não existir consenso, estudos recentes desta condição mostram efeitos benéficos de terapias auxiliares ou coadjuvantes como a administração de antimicrobianos sistêmicos e locais. Entre os coadjuvantes locais, a literatura apresenta os antissépticos, antibióticos e terapia fotodinâmica. Dentre os sistêmicos são representados os antibióticos e antiinflamatórios. Independentemente dos resultados apresentados por cada um deles, se reconhece a dificuldade em se estabelecer um protocolo único para todos os casos em função da resposta individual apresentada por cada paciente. O objetivo do presente estudo foi revisar os resultados atuais sobre administração de coadjuvantes químicos associados à terapia convencional em casos de periodontite agressiva e sugerir protocolos clínicos.

Aggressive periodontitis, a distinct clinical entity of periodontal disease, is characterized by a pronounced episodic and rapid destruction of periodontal tissues and may result in rapid and early loss of teeth. Some studies have shown that conventional mechanical debridement together with oral hygiene is often not sufficient to disease control. Recent studies of this condition have shown beneficial effects of auxiliary therapies or adjuncts such as the administration of systemic and locally antimicrobials. Among the local adjuncts, the literature presents antiseptics, antibiotics and photodynamic therapy. Antibiotics and anti-inflammatory represent systemic adjuncts. Regardless of the results presented by each of them, the difficulty of establishing a single protocol for all cases is recognized depending on the individual response shown by each patient. The aim of the present study was to review the current results about chemical adjuncts administration associated with conventional treatment in cases of aggressive periodontitis and suggest clinical protocols.

Objective : To investigate the influence of a three-dimensional cell culture model on the expression of osteoblastic phenotype in human periodontal ligament fibroblast (hPDLF) cultures.Material and Methods : hPDLF were seeded on bi-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) collagen type I (experimental groups) and and on a plastic coverslip (control) for up to 14 days. Cell viability and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity were performed. Also, cell morphology and immunolabeling for alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteopontin (OPN) were assessed by epifluorescence and confocal microscopy. The expression of osteogenic markers, including alkaline phosphatase, osteopontin, osteocalcin (OC), collagen I (COL I) and runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), were analyzed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Mineralized bone-like nodule formation was visualized by microscopy and calcium content was assessed quantitatively by alizarin red assay.Results : Experimental cultures produced an increase in cell proliferation. Immunolabeling for OPN and ALP in hPDLF were increased and ALP activity was inhibited by three-dimensional conditions. OPN and RUNX2 gene expression was significantly higher on 3D culture when compared with control surface. Moreover, ALP and COL I gene expression were significantly higher in three-dimensional collagen than in 2D cultures at 7 days. However, at 14 days, 3D cultures exhibited ALP and COL I gene expression significantly lower than the control, and the COL I gene expression was also significantly lower in 3D than in 2D cultures. Significant calcium mineralization was detected and quantified by alizarin red assay, and calcified nodule formation was not affected by tridimensionality.Conclusion : This study suggests that the 3D cultures are able to support hPDLF proliferation and favor the differentiation and mineralized matrix formation, which may be a potential periodontal regenerative therapy.

OBJECTIVE: Oral health can affect a patient’s general health and quality of life. Given the increase in breast cancer survival rates, investigations of factors influencing the quality of life of survivors have gained importance. Therefore, the objective of our study was to characterize oral health in postmenopausal breast cancer survivors. METHODS: We conducted a matched case-control study. Forty-eight women who survived breast cancer (age 62.1±9.1 years) and 48 healthy controls (age 61.8±8.6 years) were included. For each case and control, a complete oral evaluation chart was completed. RESULTS: The prevalence of chronic periodontal disease was 98% in breast cancer survivors and 87% in controls. The breast cancer survivors had a median of 16 remaining teeth, whereas controls had a median of 22 remaining teeth (p = 0.03). The percentage of sites with gingival bleeding was 16.05% (0-100%) in breast cancer survivors and 0% (0-72%) in controls (p = 0.04). CONCLUSION: Chronic periodontal disease and tooth loss were highly prevalent in postmenopausal breast cancer survivors. To improve survivors’ quality of life, a preventive oral health evaluation should be available prior to cancer treatment.

Resumo Como os cães são um bom modelo para estudos in vivo, é interessante avaliar o comportamento de fibroblastos gengivais de cão (CGF) in vitro, para que essas células possam ser cultivadas em uma matriz e estudadas in vivo posteriormente. O objetivo do presente estudo foi realizar uma análise morfológica, funcional e bioquímica de CGF, comparando-os a fibroblastos gengivais humanos (HGF), bem como avaliar as alterações dessas características ao longo de várias passagens. Usando fibroblastos gengivais de 3 cães e 3 indivíduos na subcultura (Sub), primeira (P1), terceira (P3), quinta (P5) e sétima (P7) passagens, os seguintes parâmetros foram avaliados: morfologia, espraiamento, adesão, viabilidade e conteúdo de proteína total. Os resultados mostraram não haver diferenças significativas quanto à morfologia e espraiamento, e uma tendência a maior adesão e viabilidade para HGF, quando comparados a CGF. O conteúdo de proteína total foi significativamente maior para HGF. HGF exibiram maior atividade funcional e bioquímica in vitro quando comparados a CGF. Maiores valores na Sub foram observados para ambos, CGF e HGF, em todos os parâmetros avaliados. As diferenças não impedem o uso de CGF na engenharia tecidual, contudo, seu uso é mais apropriado na subcultura ou primeira passagem.

As dogs are good models for in vivo studies, it is interesting to evaluate the behavior of canine gingival fibroblasts (CGF) in vitro, so that these cells could be seeded on a matrix and later studied in vivo. The aim of this study was to perform a morphological, functional and biochemical analysis of CGF, comparing it with human gingival fibroblasts (HGF), as well as to evaluate the change of their characteristics over several passages. Using gingival fibroblasts from 3 dogs and 3 humans in the subculture (Sub), first (P1), third (P3), fifth (P5) and seventh (P7) passages, the following parameters were assessed: cell morphology, spreading, adhesion, viability and total protein content. The results showed no major differences between the passages in terms of morphology and spreading, and a tendency of greater adhesion and viability for HGF when compared with CGF. The total protein content was significantly higher for HGF. HGF exhibited greater functional and biochemical activity in vitro compared to CGF. Higher numbers at Sub were observed for both CGF and HGF in all evaluated parameters. The differences do not prevent the use of CGF for tissue engineering, but its use seems to be more appropriate in the subculture or first passage.

A matriz dérmica acelular (MDA) foi introduzida na Periodontia como um substituto para enxertos autógenos, os quais se tornaram restritos devido à quantidade limitada de tecido doador. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar, in vitro, a distribuição, proliferação e viabilidade de fibroblastos gengivais humanos cultivados em MDA. Fibroblastos gengivais foram cultivados sobre MDA por até 21 dias. Os seguintes parâmetros foram avaliados: distribuição, proliferação e viabilidade celular. Os resultados revelaram que, aos 7 dias, os fibroblastos estavam aderidos e espraiados na superfície da MDA, e estavam distribuídos de forma desigual, formando uma camada celular descontínua; aos 14 dias, uma monocamada confluente de fibroblastos revestindo a superfície da MDA foi observada. Aos 21 dias, a monocamada celular exibiu uma redução na densidade celular. Aos 7 dias, cerca de 90% das células aderidas na superfície da MDA estavam no ciclo celular, enquanto que aos 14 e 21 dias esse número reduziu significativamente. Uma maior proporção de células viáveis foi detectada na superfície da MDA tanto aos 14 quanto aos 21 dias. Os resultados sugerem que fibroblastos cultivados sobre a MDA por 14 dias permitem boas condições de adesão e espraiamento das células sobre a matriz, porém, a migração de células para o interior da matriz foi limitada.

The acellular dermal matrix (ADM) was introduced in periodontology as a substitute for the autogenous grafts, which became restricted because of the limited source of donor's tissue. The aim of this study was to investigate, in vitro, the distribution, proliferation and viability of human gingival fibroblasts seeded onto ADM. ADM was seeded with human gingival fibroblasts for up to 21 days. The following parameters were evaluated: cell distribution, proliferation and viability. Results revealed that, at day 7, fibroblasts were adherent and spread on ADM surface, and were unevenly distributed, forming a discontinuous single cell layer; at day 14, a confluent fibroblastic monolayer lining ADM surface was noticed. At day 21, the cell monolayer exhibited a reduction in cell density. At 7 days, about to 90% of adherent cells on ADM surface were cycling while at 14 and 21 days this proportion was significantly reduced. A high proportion of viable cell was detected on AMD surface both on 14 and 21 days. The results suggest that fibroblast seeding onto ADM for 14 days can allow good conditions for cell adhesion and spreading on the matrix; however, migration inside the matrix was limited.

Estratégias terapêuticas adjuvantes que modulam os mediadores inflamatórios podem ter função significante na terapia periodontal. Neste estudo duplo-cego controlado com placebo, 60 indivíduos diagnosticados com periodontite foram avaliados por 28 dias após tratamento periodontal combinado com inibidor seletivo de COX-2. O grupo experimental foi tratado com raspagem e alisamento radicular combinado com medicação anti-inflamatória Loxoprofeno (RAR+Loxoprofen). O grupo controle foi tratado com raspagem e alisamento radicular combinado com medicação placebo (Raspagem e alisamento radicular - RAR+placebo). Presença de placa (PI), profundidade de sondagem (PS) e sangramento à sondagem (SS) foram monitoradas com auxílio de uma sonda computadorizada no início do estudo e após 14 e 28 dias. Os dois grupos demonstraram melhora clínica em relação a PS, PI e SS. Também foi observado valores semelhantes (p>0,05) de redução da PS nos períodos de 14 dias (0,4 mm) e 28 dias (0,6 mm). No início do estudo, alguns sítios profundos (>7 mm) do grupo RAR+Loxoprofen foram os responsáveis pela maior redução da PS depois de 14 dias (p<0,05). A porcentagem de bolsas periodontais profundas >7 mm após 14 dias no grupo RAR+Loxoprofen foi significativamente inferior do que o grupo RAR+placebo (p<0.05). A medicação Loxoprofen apresenta potencial efeito adjuvante à terapia periodontal, mas estudos de longo prazo são necessários para confirmar sua eficácia.

Adjunctive therapeutic strategies that modulate the inflammatory mediators can play a significant role in periodontal therapy. In this double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 60 subjects diagnosed as periodontitis patients were evaluated for 28 days after periodontal treatment combined with selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor. The experimental group received scaling and root planning (SRP) combined with the Loxoprofen antiinflammatory drug (SRP+Loxoprofen). The control group received SRP combined with placebo (SRP+placebo). Plaque index (PI), probing pocket depth (PD) and bleeding on probing (BOP) were monitored with an electronic probe at baseline and after 14 and 28 days. Both groups displayed clinical improvement in PD, PI and BOP. They also showed statistically similar values (p>0.05) of PD reduction on day 14 (0.4 mm) and on day 28 (0.6 mm). At the baseline, few deeper sites (>7 mm) from SRP+Loxoprofen group were responsible and most PD reduction was observed after 14 days (p<0.05). The percentage of remaining deep pockets (>7 mm) after 14 days in the SRP+Loxoprofen group was significantly lower (p<0.05) than in the SRP+placebo group. Loxoprofen presents potential effect as an adjunct of periodontal disease treatment, but long-term clinical trials are necessary to confirm its efficacy.

Avanços no diagnóstico da doença periodontal levam a métodos nos quais o risco e atividade da doença periodontal podem ser identificados e quantificados por biomarcadores. Pacientes com periodontite podem apresentar elevados níveis circulatórios de marcadores inflamatórios específicos que podem ser correlacionados com a severidade da doença. Portanto, o objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar as diferenças nos níveis séricos de biomarcadores inflamatórios em pacientes saudáveis e com doença periodontal. Foram incluídos no estudo 25 pacientes (8 saudáveis e 17 com periodontite crônica). Uma amostra de 15 mL de sangue foi obtida para identificar os marcadores inflamatórios simultaneamente utilizando Array de proteínas através de citometria de fluxo. De 24 citocinas inflamatórias analisadas, apenas 3 (RANTES, MIG e Eotaxina) apresentaram diferenças estatisticamente significantes (p<0,05) entre os dois grupos. Conclui-se que alguns marcadores inflamatórios selecionados apresentam diferença de concentração em pacientes com periodontite e saudáveis. A análise do perfil de citocinas pode ser utilizada tanto para distinguir pacientes periodontais de pacientes saudáveis, como para medir o risco à doença. Contudo, mais estudos com número maior de amostras são necessários para validar os achados sobre os biomarcadores específicos.

Advances in diagnostic research are moving towards methods whereby the periodontal risk can be identified and quantified by objective measures using biomarkers. Patients with periodontitis may have elevated circulating levels of specific inflammatory markers that can be correlated to the severity of the disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether differences in the serum levels of inflammatory biomarkers are differentially expressed in healthy and periodontitis patients. Twenty-five patients (8 healthy patients and 17 chronic periodontitis patients) were enrolled in the study. A 15 mL blood sample was used for identification of the inflammatory markers, with a human inflammatory flow cytometry multiplex assay. Among 24 assessed cytokines, only 3 (RANTES, MIG and Eotaxin) were statistically different between groups (p<0.05). In conclusion, some of the selected markers of inflammation are differentially expressed in healthy and periodontitis patients. Cytokine profile analysis may be further explored to distinguish the periodontitis patients from the ones free of disease and also to be used as a measure of risk. The present data, however, are limited and larger sample size studies are required to validate the findings of the specific biomarkers.

As lesões de bifurcação classe II constituem uma das principais indicações para a técnica de regeneração tecidual guiada. Entretanto, a regeneração periodontal deste tipo de defeito ósseo, embora possível, não é considerada um resultado totalmente previsível, principalmente em termos de completo preenchimento ósseo. Muitos fatores podem explicar a variabilidade nos resultados do tratamento regenerativo nas lesões de bifurcação classe II. O objetivo desta revisão de literatura foi avaliar o significado de fatores relacionados ao paciente (fumo, estresse, diabetes mellitus, AIDS e outras doenças agudas e debilitantes, e presença de bolsas periodontais em outros sítios da boca), às condições locais (anatomia da furca, morfologia do defeito, espessura gengival e mobilidade dentária), ao tratamento cirúrgico (controle de infecção, utilização de materiais para preenchimento ósseo, tipo de membrana e técnica cirúrgica) e ao período pós-operatório (controle de placa, exposição e remoção das membranas e terapia periodontal de suporte) para o sucesso da RTG no tratamento das lesões de bifurcação classe II.

One of the most important indications for guided tissue regeneration (GTR) treatment is class II furcation lesion. However, periodontal regeneration of this type of defect, although possible, is not considered totally predictable, especially in terms of complete bone fill. Many factors may account for variability in the response to regenerative therapy in class II furcation. The purpose of this review is to assess the prognostic significance of factors related to the patient (smoking, stress, diabetes mellitus, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and other acute and debilitating diseases, and the presence of multiple deep periodontal pockets), local factors (furcal anatomy, defect morphology, thickness of gingival tissue and tooth mobility), surgical treatment (infection control, bone replacement grafts combined with barriers or GTR alone, type of barrier and surgical technique), and postoperative period (plaque control, membrane exposure, membrane retrieval and a regular supportive periodontal care program) for successful of GTR in class II furcations.

O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar as características morfológicas, o potencial proliferativo e a produção protéica de fibroblastos do ligamento periodontal (FLP) e de fibroblastos gengivais (FG). Os fibroblastos foram cultivados pela técnica do explante a partir de fragmentos da gengiva e do ligamento periodontal de um mesmo indivíduo. As células foram isoladas e plaqueadas para análise por microscopia de contraste de fase e microscopia óptica. O índice de proliferação celular foi determinado por contagem automática de células e pelo ensaio de incorporação de bromodioxiuridina (BrdU). A produção de proteína total foi verificada por eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida e o perfil enzimático por análise zimográfica. Os FLP são maiores e mais alongados que os FG em condições de subconfluência e confluência celular. Os FLP demonstraram um potencial proliferativo significantemente maior que os FG. Os perfis protéico e enzimático foram similares entre os FLP e FG. Os resultados demonstram que os FLP e FG são diferentes na morfologia e na capacidade proliferativa, porém são semelhantes na produção protéica.

The objective of this study was to compare fibroblasts from the periodontal ligament (PLF) and gingival fibroblasts (GF) as to morphology, proliferation rate and protein synthesis. PLF and GF were explanted from tissues of the same patient. To characterize and compare the morphology of cells, PLF and GF were plated and analyzed under phase-contrast and optical microscopies. Proliferation rates were determined by means of automated counts carried out in days 1, 4, 7, 15 and 21, and also by means of the bromodeoxyuridine labelling index (BrdU). Total protein content was analyzed by means of electrophoresis in 10% polyacrylamide gel and zimography containing gelatin as substrate. PLF were bigger and more elongated than GF in subconfluence and confluence conditions. The proliferative rate of PLF was higher than that of GF at 1, 4, and 7 days (p < 0.05). At 15 and 21 days, there was no statistically significant difference as to the number of cells. PLF presented a significantly greater proliferative potential, in relation to GF (p < 0.05). The synthesis of protein in a period of 24 hours was similar for both PLF and GF. Our results demonstrated that PLF and GF are different as to morphology and proliferative capacity, however, they do not differ as to protein synthesis.