ABSTRACT: European market regulates that poultry electronarcosis stunning in abattoirs must be performed with a minimal required current (mA per animal) and correlative frequency (Hz), to promote animal welfare and meat quality. In this way, Brazilian abattoirs must adjust the stunning parameters so that they can meet the requirements of that market. This study evaluated the effect of stunning parameters using frequency and duty cycle variables. For this, nine treatments were performed, whose results showed that the analyzed frequencies (700, 1100, and 1500 Hz) had a higher incidence of indicators of animal welfare (AW). Thus, stunning had low efficiency in AW terms. However, the 25% and 40% duty cycles had the best stunning efficiency. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) for pH 24 h, bruises, and drip loss. Color and pH 2 h were significantly affected (P < 0.05). The shear force was higher in birds subjected to higher frequencies and interaction between 1500 Hz and 15% and 25% duty cycles. Water-holding capacity was lower at 1100 Hz and in the 25% duty cycle interactions. The treatments affected the evaluated indicators, except for the 40% duty cycle, which had a positive influence. Therefore, the duty cycle applicability must be elucidated due to its direct influence on stunning efficiency.

RESUMO: O mercado europeu regulamenta que a insensibilização de aves por eletronarcose nos abatedouros deva acontecer com uma corrente mínima necessária (mA por animal) e frequência correlata (Hz), com corrente e frequência alta. O intuito é promover o bem estar animal e qualidade de carne. Desta forma, os abatedouros brasileiros devem ajustar os parâmetros de insensibilização para que possam atender este mercado. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito dos parâmetros de insensibilização usando as variáveis frequência e duty cycle. Foram realizados nove ensaios. Os resultados demostraram que as frequências avaliadas (700 Hz, 1100 Hz e 1500 Hz) apresentaram maior incidência nos indicadores de Bem Estar Animal (BEA). Assim, houve baixa eficiência na insensibilização das aves para este fator. Entretanto, o duty cycle 25% e 40% promoveu a melhor eficiência na insensibilização das aves. Não foi observada diferença significativa (P > 0,05) para pH 24h, hematomas e a perda por gotejamento. A cor e o pH 2h foram afetados significativamente (P < 0,05) nos ensaios avaliados. A força de cisalhamento foi maior nas frequências mais altas e na interação da frequência de 1500 Hz com o duty cycle de 15% e 25% A capacidade de retenção de água foi menor na frequência de 1100 Hz, e na interação duty cycle 25%. Os ensaios estudados apresentaram comprometimento dos indicadores avaliados, exceto a variável duty cycle a 40%, que demonstrou influência positiva nos indicadores avaliados. Portanto, a aplicabilidade do duty cycle deve ser elucidada devido a sua influência direta na eficiência da insensibilização.

Malvaceae sensu lato is a family containing about 245 genera and 4,465 species mainly distributed across tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. Species of this family usually contain alkaloids with anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, antiparasitic, antimicrobial and anticancer properties due to its secondary metabolites. In this context, this review aims to checklist the alkaloids isolated from Malvaceae sensu lato species, evaluating their chemical profile and pharmacological potential, providing a broad and concise overview of these secondary metabolites. The results were collected from scientific databases such as Web of Science, Scifinder, Pubmed, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar, using the keywords “Alkaloids” and “Malvaceae”. Several pharmacological/biological activities are reported in literature for the most varied alkaloid nuclei, such as: vasorelaxation of the mesentery of rats (cryptolepinone), antitrypanosomal activity (waltherione) and anti-inflammatory and bronchodilator activity (vasicine), which highlights a succession of activities related to this class of secondary metabolites. Presented data report the importance of the Malvaceae sensu lato family, demonstrating the biological relevance of its alkaloids, in order to contribute to scientific knowledge and the development of new drugs.

Resumo Fundamento A formação de células espumosas ocorre devido ao aumento em lipoproteína plasmática de baixa densidade (LDL) e desregulação da inflamação, sendo importante para o desenvolvimento da aterosclerose. Objetivo Avaliar o perfil do fator de necrose tumoral alfa (TNF-α) e da interleucina-6 (IL-6) no método de formação da célula espumosa existente, otimizando esse protocolo. Métodos A LDL foi isolada, oxidada e marcada com sonda de isotiocianato de fluoresceína (FITC). As células espumosas foram geradas de célula derivada de monócitos humanos THP-1 e incubadas na ausência (controle) ou presença de FITC-ox-LDL (10, 50, 100, 150 ou 200 μg/mL), por 12, 24, 48 ou 72 horas. A FITC-ox-LDL na célula foi quantificada por microscopia. O ensaio de imunoabsorção enzimática foi avaliado para quantificar a IL-6 e o TNF-α, com um p <0,05 considerado significativo. Resultados Todas as concentrações de FITC-ox-LDL testadas apresentaram fluorescência mais alta em comparação com o controle, demonstrando maior acúmulo de lipoproteínas nas células. Quanto mais alta a concentração de FITC-ox-LDL, maior a produção de TNF-α e IL-6. A produção de IL-6 pelas células espumosas foi detectada até o valor de 150 µg/mL da LDL máxima de estímulo. Concentrações acima de 50 μg/mL de LDL estimularam maior liberação de TNF-α comparado ao controle. Conclusões Nosso modelo contribui para o entendimento da liberação de IL-6 e TNF-α em resposta a várias concentrações de ox-LDL usando o método otimizado para a formação de células espumosas.

Abstract Background The formation of foam cells occurs due to the increase in low-density plasma lipoprotein (LDL) and dysregulation of inflammation, which is important for the development of atherosclerosis. Objective To evaluate the profile of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the existing foam cell formation method, optimizing this protocol. Methods The LDL was isolated, oxidized, and labeled with a Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) probe. Foam cells were generated from THP-1 human monocyte-derived cells and incubated in the absence (control) or presence of FITC-ox-LDL (10, 50, 100, 150, or 200 μg/mL), for 12, 24, 48, or 72 hours. The accumulated FITC-ox-LDL in the cell was quantified by microscopy. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was evaluated to quantify the IL-6 and TNF-α, with p < 0.05 considered significant. Results All the FITC-ox-LDL concentrations tested showed a higher fluorescence when compared to the control, showing a greater accumulation of lipoprotein in cells. The higher the concentration of FITC-ox-LDL, the greater the production of TNF-α and IL-6. The production of IL-6 by foam cells was detected up to the value of 150 µg/mL of the maximum stimulus for LDL. Concentrations above 50 μg/mL LDL stimulated greater release of TNF-α compared to control. Conclusions Our model contributes to the understanding of the release of IL-6 and TNF-α in response to different concentrations of ox-LDL, using an optimized method for the formation of foam cells.

Three imines comprised of 5-nitrothiophen-2-yl as electron-accepting and phenols as electron-donating groups were synthesized and used as chromogenic chemosensors to detect alkylamines. The compounds are colorless in water, but their deprotonation by the alkylamines generates the corresponding colored phenolates, which can be used to detect those analytes. The addition of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) causes bathochromic shift of the perichromic band of the phenolates, indicating that the compounds are transferred into the micelles. In addition, CTAB lowers the pKa of phenols and increases the stability of the phenolates, improving their performance as chemosensors. Applications were prospected with the chromogenic chemosensors adsorbed on strip papers to detect alkylamines in water and in the vapor phase. The compounds were also used in solution for the quantification of lidocaine in water. Thus, the versatility of the compounds studied allows to think about applications in industrial, environmental, and pharmaceutical areas.

Neste trabalho, utilizamos um condensado de Bose-Einstein de átomos de Rb, para analisar o efeito de campos externos perturbatórios sobre a distribuição de população de átomos em diferentes estados quânticos do potencial confinante. O campo externo oscilatório advém de flutuações indesejadas, oriundas do circuito eletrônico de controle e estabilização da corrente elétrica, fluindo pelas bobinas da armadilha magnética, que opera em frequências próximas às do potencial de aprisionamento. Mostraremos que isso promove o acoplamento entre níveis vibracionais adjacentes do potencial e resulta na difusão da população, inicialmente pura, para vários estados energeticamente próximos. Esse processo diminui o tempo de vida do condensado aprisionado e ainda causa um aumento da temperatura média do sistema conforme a população se difunde entre os níveis energéticos adjacentes superiores. Os resultados obtidos foram modelados via excitação por escalonamento e comparados diretamente, apresentando uma boa concordância. Acreditamos que esse estudo teórico-experimental seja pedagógico, pois permite que alunos iniciantes observem efeitos quânticos macroscópicos ocorrendo nestes sistemas físicos.

In this work, we have used a 87Rb Bose-Einstein condensate to study the effects of electrical noise, embedded into the magnetic trap field, on the atomic population distribution spread over different quantum states of the confining potential. The noisy external field comes from unwanted fluctuations taking place in the electronic stabilization control circuit for the electric current flowing through the magnetic trap coils, which operate at frequencies close to that of the trapping potential. We will show that these small electric fluctuations are able to couple adjacent vibrational levels of the potential resulting in the population spread, which was initially pure, over a manifold of nearby states. This reduces the lifetime of the trapped condensate and also increase the average temperature of the system, as the population diffuses towards the upper energy levels. The results were modeled via ladder transitions, and directly compared to the experimental results, and were found to be in good agreement. We believe that this theoretical-experimental study is didactic, as it allows for the freshmen students to observe macroscopic quantum effects taking place on experimental physical systems.

RESUMO Objetivo: Caracterizar os procedimentos dolorosos, estratégias analgésicas, sinais vitais e os escores de dor em recém-nascidos hospitalizados. Método: Estudo clínico primário, observacional, prospectivo, desenvolvido em um hospital público brasileiro. Dados demográficos, procedimentos dolorosos, medidas de alívio da dor, sinais vitais e escores de dor foram coletados dos prontuários clínicos de 90 recém-nascidos admitidos na unidade de terapia intensiva e avaliados entre a admissão e o terceiro dia de internação. Para a análise estatística foram utilizados o programa Statistic Package for the Social Sciences e o Software R. Resultados: Os recém-nascidos foram submetidos a 2.732 procedimentos dolorosos, 540 estratégias não farmacológicas e 216 farmacológicas. O procedimento mais realizado foi a lancetagem de calcâneo (20,96%). A estratégia não farmacológica mais comumente registrada foi a redução de luminosidade (28,33%) e o fentanil contínuo (48,83%) foi a principal medida farmacológica adotada. O escore de dor e os sinais vitais apresentam variabilidade no período avaliado. Conclusão: A despeito do número elevado de procedimentos dolorosos, os registros de avaliação da dor não refletem a dor procedural e o uso das estratégias analgésicas foi insuficiente.

ABSTRACT Objective: To characterize painful procedures, analgesic strategies, vital signs, and pain scores in hospitalized newborns. Method: This is a primary, observational, prospective clinical study, developed in a Brazilian public hospital. Demographic data, painful procedures, pain relief measures, vital signs, and pain scores were collected from the clinical records of 90 newborns admitted to the intensive care unit and evaluated between admission and the third day of admission. For statistical analysis, the software Statistic Package for the Social Sciences and the R Software were used. Results: Newborns underwent 2,732 painful procedures, 540 non-pharmacological and 216 pharmacological strategies. The most frequently performed procedure was the heel prick (20.96%). The most commonly recorded non-pharmacological strategy was dim lighting (28.33%) and continuous fentanyl (48.83%) was the main pharmacological measure adopted. Pain score and vital signs show variability in the period evaluated. Conclusion: Despite the high number of painful procedures, pain assessment records do not reflect procedural pain and the use of analgesic strategies was insufficient.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Caracterizar los procedimientos dolorosos, estrategias analgésicas, señales vitales y los scores de dolor en recién nascidos hospitalizados. Método: Estudio clínico primario, de observación, prospectivo, desarrollado en un hospital público brasileño. Datos demográficos, procedimientos dolorosos, medidas de alivio del dolor, señales vitales y scores de dolor fueron seleccionados de las historias clínicas de 90 recién nacidos admitidos en la unidad de cuidados intensivos y evaluados entre la admisión y el tercer día de hospitalización. Para el análisis estadístico fueron utilizados el programa Statistic Package for the Social Sciences y el Software R. Resultados: Los recién nacidos fueron sometidos a 2.732 procedimientos dolorosos, 540 estrategias no farmacológicas y 216 farmacológicas. El procedimiento más realizado fue la punción del talón (20,96%). La estrategia no farmacológica más común fue la reducción de luminosidad (28,33%) y el fetanyl continuo (48,83%) fue la principal medida farmacológica adoptada. Conclusión: A pesar del número elevado de procedimientos dolorosos, los registros de evaluación del dolor no reflejan el dolor procedural y el uso de las estrategias analgésicas fue insuficiente.

Abstract Microgrids (MGs) have increasingly attracted the attention of researchers, government officials, and electricity companies for the values and services they can add to the grid. They can operate independently as a single controllable unit in a coordinated way while connected or islanded, which make them suitable to integrate the growing amount of distributed energy resources (DERs) into the distribution network (DN). An active distribution network with high penetration of DERs could be redefined into a collection of microgrids in different layers, pooling their resources together to enhance the grid’s performance in the sense of electricity as a service. However, enabling a microgrid-based power system infrastructure poses challenges concerning operation and control. In this paper, a comprehensive overview of research topics regarding microgrid operation are shown in a hierarchical or stratified manner, looking for a holistic vision of a microgrid-based distribution system. First, multi-objective optimization within one microgrid is formulated aiming to minimize costs and maximize battery life is presented. Second, the interaction among MGs, DERs and the DN was modeled using the OPF technique to represent the operation of the grid as a whole. Following, a methodology for collaborative optimization of multiple MGs operating together is presented and at last a theoretical framework for MG operation through decentralized energy markets is discussed. As a result, this paper aims to contribute to a broad vision of the distribution system based on microgrid operation in all its levels.

Abstract: The aims of this study were to investigate whether treatments with zinc edetate (Zn) and diphenyl diselenide ((PhSe)2) enhance performance, immune responses, protein metabolism, and oxidant/antioxidant status in calf serum and muscle. Animals were divided into four groups (n=6 each): control (without supplementation), and groups supplemented on days 50 and 70 of life with (PhSe)2, Zn, and a combination of (PhSe)2 and Zn. Animals treated with (PhSe)2 gained more weight by experimental day 220 than did the control group, but there was no difference by the end of the experiment (day 300). The absolute number of leukocytes and lymphocytes increased in groups Zn and (PhSe)2+Zn on day 20 of experiment, but decreased on day 40 in groups (PhSe)2, and (PhSe)2+Zn. The number of monocytes decreased in all groups compared with control. One of the principal findings was that (PhSe)2+Zn together had beneficial effects on protein metabolism, represented by increases total protein and globulin levels, compared with the control group. The combination of (PhSe)2 and Zn led to low levels of TBARS and ROS in serum and muscle, and stimulated antioxidant enzyme activities. Thus, supplementation with (PhSe)2+Zn may be a compelling approach to augmenting the calf antioxidant system during weaning.

RESUMEN Objetivo. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de la infección subclínica por agentes de la fiebre por garrapatas en el ganado lechero en producción de leche, la composición y calidad. Materiales y métodos. El estudio se realizó en una finca privada con 75 vacas lecheras alojadas-libre puesto, y de estas se evaluaron 37. Se recogieron muestras de leche individuales mensuales para determinar la composición (grasa, lactosa, proteína y sólidos totales) y la calidad (recuento de células somáticas (SCC)). Además, se recogieron muestras de sangre para identificar vacas que fueron negativas a fiebre de garrapatas y positivos por PCR para uno o más de los siguientes agentes etiológicos: Babesia bovis, Babesia bigemina y Anaplasma marginale. Resultados. Los resultados mostraron un aumento de SCC en los animales positivos, al menos para uno de los agentes cuando se comparó con vacas no infectadas (p<0.05). La producción de leche fue significativamente menor en A. marginale animales positivos (p<0.05). Un aumento de aproximadamente el 40% en el contenido de sólidos de la leche fue encontrado en vacas positivas a B. bovis. También, un incremento de aproximadamente el 23% de la lactosa se encontró en vacas positivas para B. bigemina. Conclusiones. Se puede concluir que la presencia de al menos uno de estos parásitos en el ganado lechero afecta composición o calidad de su leche.

ABSTRACT Objective. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of subclinical infection by agents of tick fever in dairy cattle on milk parameters, such as production, composition, and quality. Materials and methods. The study was conducted in a private farm with 75 free-stall-housed dairy cows, from which 37 were evaluated. Monthly, individual milk samples were collected for compositional (fat, lactose, protein, and total solids) and quality (somatic cell counts (SCC)) analyses. In addition, blood samples were collected in order to identify cows that were tick fever-negative and positive by PCR for one or more of the following etiological agents: Babesia bovis, Babesia bigemina and Anaplasma marginale. Results. The results showed increased SCC in positive animals for at least one of the agents when compared to non-infected cows (p<0.05). Milk production was significantly lower in A. marginale positive animals (p<0.05). An increase of about 40% in milk solids content was found in B. bovis positive cows. Also, an increment of approximately 23% in lactose was found on cows positives for B. bigemina. Conclusions. We may conclude that the presence of at least one of these parasites in dairy cattle affects composition or quality of their milk.

ABSTRACT The present study aimed to describe the history and contribution in the institutionalization of continuing education in hospital institutions from its beginnings up until the present day. Historical social research based on analysis of sources of the collection of a center of nurses in the state of Paraná, performed between March 2013 and January 2014. The transformations occurred in the referred center, over almost five years, turned it into an effective space for discussing and reflect on the construction of knowledge related to the education processes in hospital institutions. It is concluded that these spaces are suitable for the establishment of a critical view of historical movements until now related to the Proposal of Continuing Health Education; shed light on the current situation and provide a future outlook for the Nursing field.

RESUMEN Estudio cuyo objetivo fue describir la trayectoria y la contribución para la institucionalización de la educación permanente en las organizaciones hospitalares de su fundación hasta los días actuales. La investigación histórico social fue fundamentada en el análisis de las fuentes del acervo de un núcleo de enfermeros del estado de Paraná, realizada entre el periodo de marzo de 2013 a enero de 2014. Los cambios ocurridos en ese núcleo, a lo largo de casi cinco años, lo consolidaron como espacio efectivo para discusión y reflexión en la construcción de conocimientos referentes a los procesos de educación en esas organizaciones hospitalares. Se concluye que espacios como este posibilitan una visión crítica de los movimientos históricos hasta los tiempos actuales, los cuales se relacionan a la Propuesta de la Educación Permanente en Salud; ayudan en la compresión del presente, de forma reflexiva; y, fornecen perspectivas futuras para el área de Enfermería.

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a trajetória e contribuição na institucionalização da educação permanente nas organizações hospitalares desde sua fundação até os dias atuais. Pesquisa histórico-social, fundamentada na análise das fontes do acervo de um núcleo de enfermeiros do estado do Paraná, realizada entre o período de março de 2013 e janeiro de 2014. As transformações ocorridas nesse núcleo, ao longo de quase cinco anos, consolidaram-no como espaço efetivo para discussão e reflexão na construção de conhecimentos relacionados aos processos de educação nessas organizações hospitalares. Conclui-se que espaços como este possibilitam uma visão crítica dos movimentos históricos até os tempos atuais, que envolvem a Proposta da Educação Permanente em Saúde; auxiliam na compreensão do presente, de forma reflexiva; e, fornecem perspectivas futuras para a área de Enfermagem.

Two novel compounds, 4-(pyren-1-ylimino)methylphenol and 4-[(triisopropylsilyl)oxy]phenylmethylenepyren-1-amine) were synthesized. Solutions of 4-(pyren-1-ylimino)methylphenol in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) are colorless, but on addition of cyanide and fluoride they become colored due to the deprotonation of the chemosensor. The system is highly selective toward cyanide with the addition of water. This compound can be solubilized in water with addition of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide above its critical micellar concentration. The pKa of the compound in water was determined as 10.49 ± 0.02 and this value is lowered in micellar medium to 7.49 ± 0.02, which means that only cyanide is sufficiently basic to achieve the deprotonation of the compound. Solutions of 4-[(triisopropylsilyl)oxy]phenylmethylenepyren-1-amine) in DMSO are colorless, but they are colored in the presence of cyanide and fluoride and only cyanide could be detected in DMSO-water mixture. The nucleophilic attack of the anions on the silicon center of the compound releases colored 4-(pyren-1-ylimino)methylphenolate, enabling the detection of nucleophilic analytes.

Objetivo: identificar a relação entre transtorno de estresse pós-traumático, ansiedade-traço e estado e violência por parceiro íntimo, durante a gestação.Método: estudo observacional e transversal, desenvolvido com 358 gestantes. Foram utilizados o Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist - Civilian Version, o Inventário de Ansiedade Traço-Estado e uma versão adaptada do instrumento usado no World Health Organization Multi-country Study on Women's Health and Domestic Violence.Resultados: após se ajustar ao modelo de regressão logística múltipla, a violência por parceiro íntimo, ocorrida durante a gestação, associou-se com o indicativo de transtorno de estresse pós-traumático. Os modelos de regressão linear múltipla ajustados evidenciaram que as vítimas de violência, na atual gestação, apresentaram maiores escores dos sintomas de ansiedade-traço e estado do que as não vítimas.Conclusão: reconhecer a violência por parceiro íntimo como um fator de risco clinicamente relevante e identificável, para a ocorrência de transtornos ansiosos, durante a gestação, pode ser um primeiro passo na prevenção desses problemas.

Objective: to identify the relationship between posttraumatic stress disorder, trait and state anxiety, and intimate partner violence during pregnancy.Method: observational, cross-sectional study developed with 358 pregnant women. The Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist - Civilian Version was used, as well as the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and an adapted version of the instrument used in the World Health Organization Multi-country Study on Women's Health and Domestic Violence.Results: after adjusting to the multiple logistic regression model, intimate partner violence, occurred during pregnancy, was associated with the indication of posttraumatic stress disorder. The adjusted multiple linear regression models showed that the victims of violence, in the current pregnancy, had higher symptom scores of trait and state anxiety than non-victims.Conclusion: recognizing the intimate partner violence as a clinically relevant and identifiable risk factor for the occurrence of anxiety disorders during pregnancy can be a first step in the prevention thereof.

Objetivos: identificar la relación entre el trastorno de estrés postraumático, ansiedad estado-rasgo y la convivencia con pareja íntima violenta durante el embarazo.Método: estudio observacional y transversal, desarrollado con 358 mujeres embarazadas. Fueran utilizados el Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist - Civilian Version, el Inventario de Ansiedad Estado-Rasgo y una versión adaptada del instrumento utilizado por World Health Organization Multi-country Study on Women's Health and Domestic Violence.Resultados: después de ajustar el modelo de regresión logística múltiple, el comportamiento violento de las parejas, que se produjo durante el embarazo, se asoció con la indicación de trastorno de estrés postraumático. Los modelos de regresión lineal múltiple ajustados evidenciaron que las víctimas de violencia, en el embarazo actual, tenían una puntuación más alta de síntomas de ansiedad estado-rasgo que las que no son o no fueran víctimas de violencia.Conclusión: reconocer que la pareja íntima violenta es factor de riesgo clínicamente relevante e identificable para la aparición de los trastornos de ansiedad durante el embarazo y que puede ser un primer paso en la prevención de esos problemas.

Objective: to identify the relationship between posttraumatic stress disorder, trait and state anxiety, and intimate partner violence during pregnancy.Method: observational, cross-sectional study developed with 358 pregnant women. The Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist - Civilian Version was used, as well as the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and an adapted version of the instrument used in the World Health Organization Multi-country Study on Women's Health and Domestic Violence.Results: after adjusting to the multiple logistic regression model, intimate partner violence, occurred during pregnancy, was associated with the indication of posttraumatic stress disorder. The adjusted multiple linear regression models showed that the victims of violence, in the current pregnancy, had higher symptom scores of trait and state anxiety than non-victims.Conclusion: recognizing the intimate partner violence as a clinically relevant and identifiable risk factor for the occurrence of anxiety disorders during pregnancy can be a first step in the prevention thereof.

Objetivos: identificar la relación entre el trastorno de estrés postraumático, ansiedad estado-rasgo y la convivencia con pareja íntima violenta durante el embarazo.Método: estudio observacional y transversal, desarrollado con 358 mujeres embarazadas. Fueran utilizados el Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist - Civilian Version, el Inventario de Ansiedad Estado-Rasgo y una versión adaptada del instrumento utilizado por World Health Organization Multi-country Study on Women's Health and Domestic Violence.Resultados: después de ajustar el modelo de regresión logística múltiple, el comportamiento violento de las parejas, que se produjo durante el embarazo, se asoció con la indicación de trastorno de estrés postraumático. Los modelos de regresión lineal múltiple ajustados evidenciaron que las víctimas de violencia, en el embarazo actual, tenían una puntuación más alta de síntomas de ansiedad estado-rasgo que las que no son o no fueran víctimas de violencia.Conclusión: reconocer que la pareja íntima violenta es factor de riesgo clínicamente relevante e identificable para la aparición de los trastornos de ansiedad durante el embarazo y que puede ser un primer paso en la prevención de esos problemas.

Objetivo: identificar a relação entre transtorno de estresse pós-traumático, ansiedade-traço e estado e violência por parceiro íntimo, durante a gestação.Método: estudo observacional e transversal, desenvolvido com 358 gestantes. Foram utilizados o Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist - Civilian Version, o Inventário de Ansiedade Traço-Estado e uma versão adaptada do instrumento usado no World Health Organization Multi-country Study on Women's Health and Domestic Violence.Resultados: após se ajustar ao modelo de regressão logística múltipla, a violência por parceiro íntimo, ocorrida durante a gestação, associou-se com o indicativo de transtorno de estresse pós-traumático. Os modelos de regressão linear múltipla ajustados evidenciaram que as vítimas de violência, na atual gestação, apresentaram maiores escores dos sintomas de ansiedade-traço e estado do que as não vítimas.Conclusão: reconhecer a violência por parceiro íntimo como um fator de risco clinicamente relevante e identificável, para a ocorrência de transtornos ansiosos, durante a gestação, pode ser um primeiro passo na prevenção desses problemas.

RESUMO: O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar as relações entre as variáveis morfológicas e produtivas das plantas de pimentão provenientes de sementes com diferentes níveis de qualidade fisiológica. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em ambiente protegido na Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), no delineamento blocos ao acaso, com oito repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram de três lotes de sementes do híbrido Tiberius e um lote da cultivar Rubi Giant nas estações de cultivo primavera-verão e outono-inverno, com diferentes níveis de qualidade fisiológica com base nos testes de germinação e vigor. Foram mensurados os seguintes caracteres (variáveis): altura de planta; altura da primeira bifurcação; diâmetro do caule; diâmetro do caule abaixo da primeira bifurcação aos 50, 70 e 90 dias após o transplantio; peso médio de frutos; produção média de frutos por colheita; produção total; comprimento médio de frutos; e largura média de frutos. A seguir, para cada nível de vigor, foi estimada a matriz de correlação de Pearson, o diagnóstico da multicolinearidade e, posteriormente, a análise de trilha, considerando a produção total de frutos como variável principal. As plantas obtidas a partir de sementes de vigor alto, médio e baixo, com maior diâmetro da primeira bifurcação aos 50 e 90 dias após o transplantio, são mais produtivas na estação de cultivo primavera-verão. No outono-inverno foram verificados coeficientes de correlação e efeitos diretos de baixa magnitude para todos os níveis de vigor, indicando fraca relação de causa e efeito das variáveis explicativas mensuradas sobre a produção total de frutos de pimentão.

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to identify the relationship between morphological variables and production variables in bell pepper plants derived from seeds of different physiological levels. The experiments were carried out in a randomized block design with eight replications in a protected setting at Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. Treatments included three lots of hybrid Tiberius seeds and one lot of Rubi Giant seeds during Spring-Winter and Autumn-Winter season with different levels of physiological quality as shown by vigor and germination tests. The following characters (variables) were measured: plant height, first fork height, stem diameter, and stem diameter below the first fork after 50 days, 70 days and 90 days of transplanting, average weight of fruits, average production per harvest, total production, average fruit length, and average width of fruits. Next, for each level of vigor was estimated the correlation matrixes, multicollinearity diagnosis, and then path analysis, considering the total production as the main variable.Plants derived from high-, low- and medium vigor seeds whose first fork diameters were greater after 50 days and 70 days of transplanting are more productive during Spring-Winter seeding. Coefficients of correlation and effect of low magnitude were identified in vigor levels (being high, low, medium, and extremely low) during Autumn-Winter season, indicating a weak relationship between cause and effect of explanatory variables measured on total fruit production of bell pepper.

<p>Three polymer-surfactant systems comprised of branched polyethylene imine (PEI) with an anionic surfactant (sodium dodecylsulfate; SDS), a cationic surfactant (tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide; TTAB), and a zwitterionic surfactant (<italic>N</italic>-tetradecyl-<italic>N</italic>,<italic>N</italic>-dimethyl-3-ammonio-1-propanesulfonate; SB3-14) were studied based on the properties of surface tension, pyrene fluorescence emission, dynamic light scattering, pH, and zeta potential measurements. The critical aggregation concentration (<italic>cac</italic>) and polymer saturation point (<italic>psp</italic>) were determined for all three systems. The effect of these surfactants on the physico-chemical characteristics (diameter and surface charge) of the complexes formed was determined. Polymer-surfactant interactions occurred in all of the systems studied, with the strongest interactions, electrostatic in nature, occurring in the SDS-PEI system. After the neutralization of the polymer charges with the addition of the surfactant, the hydrophobic effect started to control the interlacing of the polymer chains. For the PEI-TTAB system, a very dense film was formed at surfactant concentrations above 2.0 mmol L^-1. In this case, the bromide counter-ion interacted with both the positively-charged PEI and the head of the surfactant, which is responsible for the formation of double layer coordination complexes. For the system composed of PEI and the zwitterionic surfactant, less cooperative associations occurred in comparison with the other systems.</p>