Resumen Este artículo analiza la participación y el comportamiento de los grupos de interés en la discusión y tramitación de la reforma al Código de Aguas promovida en Chile desde mayo de 2014. Basándose en la teoría de los grupos de interés, se establece una clasificación para tipificar a las organizaciones que más se involucran y participan de la discusión, así como las estrategias y acciones desplegadas a fin de influir en los resultados del proyecto de reforma. El análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo permite constatar la menor participación de los grupos de interés empresarial, a diferencia de lo registrado por otros estudios. A su vez, se observa el mayor involucramiento e incidencia por parte de las organizaciones de riego, lo que demuestra la importancia que alcanza el fenómeno de la especialización temática en el marco de la competencia que desarrollan los diferentes grupos de interés.

Abstract This article analyzes the participation and behaviour of interest groups in the discussion and processing of the reform of the Water Code, promoted in Chile since May 2014. Based on the theory of interest groups, a classification is established to classify the organizations that are most involved and participate in the discussion, as well as the strategies and actions deployed to influence the results of the reform project. The quantitative and qualitative analysis allow verification of lower participation of the business interest groups, in contrast to that which is registered by other studies. At the same time, greater involvement and incidence on the part of irrigation organizations is observed, which shows the importance of the phenomenon of thematic specialization within the framework of the competition developed by the different interest groups.

Resumo Este artigo apresenta e discute os programas de transferência monetária condicionada implementadas no Chile, o Chile Solidario (2002-2013) e o Ingreso Ético Familiar (2013-presente), procurando identificar continuidades e diferenças entre as duas iniciativas. Tendo por base a literatura sobre mudanças em políticas públicas e, em particular, a tipologia proposta por Howlett e Cashore (2009), que distinguem entre fins e meios, faz-se uma comparação entre os dois programas, de modo a identificar objetivos e mecanismos que se mantêm, quais se alteram, bem como as novidades introduzidas. Argumenta-se que, apesar de ter sido apresentado como um programa inovador em relação ao seu antecessor, o Ingreso Ético Familiar, o Chile Solidario mantém os atributos daquele, aos quais se adicionam alguns novos elementos. O artigo traz contributos em duas áreas: traça a evolução da política de transferência condicionada no Chile nas duas últimas décadas e dialoga com a literatura sobre mudança em política social.

Abstract This article presents and discusses the two conditional cash transfer initiatives implemented in Chile - Chile Solidario (2002-2013) and Ingreso Ético Solidario (2013-present) - and aim at identifying continuities and change between the two. A comparison of the two programmes, based on Howlett and Cashore’s (2009) tipology for analysing policy change that distinguished between ends and means, allows the identification of continuities and changes regarding the goals and mechanisms present in the two programmes. The article argues that despite being announced as an innovative measure in regard to the previous programme, Ingreso Etico Familiar maintains the core characteristics of Chile Solidario and includes some additional elements. This article makes two different contributions: (1) it traces the evolution of conditional cash transfers programmes in Chile over the past two decades and (2) it establishes a dialogue with the literatures on changes to social policy.

Resumen El artículo presenta y discute los programas de transferencia condicionada chilenas - el Chile Solidario (2002-2013) y el Ingreso Ético Familiar (2013-presente) - y busca identificar continuidades y diferencias entre las dos iniciativas. Teniendo como base la literatura acerca de cambio en políticas públicas y, en particular, la tipología propuesta por Howlett y Cashore (2009) que distingue entre fines y medios, se realizar un análisis comparado entre ambos programas, buscando identificar los objetivos y mecanismos que persisten, los que se modifican y si se introducen innovaciones. Como resultado, pese a que haya sido presentado como un programa innovador en relación al anterior, el Ingreso Ético Familiar mantiene los principales atributos de Chile Solidario, a los cuales son añadidos algunos nuevos elementos. El artículo busca hacer contribuciones en dos áreas: (1) mapear la evolución de los programas de transferencia condicionada en las dos últimas décadas y (2) dialogar con la literatura sobre cambios en política social.

The present study intends, by analyzing the cases provided by the historical sources, to explain and delve into the characteristics of the coexistence between Chilean, Peruvian and Bolivian unskilled workers in the nitrate mining environment that existed prior to the War of the Pacific. In difficult working conditions and a no less hostile desert, the relationship was not easy. Certain conflictive issues have come to be regarded as nationalist, specially considering the circumstances that preceded the war. However, the denomination is not accurate. The following investigation’s goal is to analyze this environment in its varied and complex characteristics, questioning traditional conceptualizing as well as proposing a new lecture that considers the diverse variables available.