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Abstract Objective To analyze the reported cases of interpersonal violence against women in the state of Espírito Santo. Methods This is an analytical, cross-sectional study, which analyzed the reported cases of violence against women from 2011 to 2018 in Espírito Santo. The data that were analyzed in this study are the result of the Reporting Forms/Investigation of Interpersonal and Self-inflicted Violence from the Reporting Diseases Information System (SINAN). Statistical analyzes were performed using the chi-square test and Poisson regression, using Stata 14.1, with p-values lower than 0.05 being considered significant. Results Interpersonal violence reporting in females represented a frequency of 74.9% (n=20,449; 95%CI: 74.4-75.4). It was observed that children and older adults had a 35% higher prevalence of this condition compared to adolescents. There is a higher frequency of this phenomenon among black/brown people (PR: 1.07; 95%CI: 1.05-1.08) compared to white people. As for aggressor characteristics, there is a higher prevalence in the age group of 25 years and older (PR: 1.09; 95%CI: 1.06-1.11), male (PR: 3.02; 95%CI: 2.88-3.17) and under suspicion of alcohol consumption at the time of aggression (95%CI: 1.05-1.08). Regarding the event, there is a frequency 1.28 times higher on public thoroughfare. Conclusion Sociodemographic, behavioral factors and personal experiences of violence influence its occurrence.

Resumen Objetivo Analizar los casos notificados de violencia interpersonal contra mujeres en el estado de Espírito Santo. Métodos Estudio analítico, tipo transversal, en el que se analizaron los casos notificados de violencia contra la mujer en el período de 2011 a 2018 en Espírito Santo. Los datos que fueron analizados en este estudio son resultantes de las Fichas de Notificación/Investigación de Violencia Interpersonal y Autoprovocada provenientes del Sistema de Información de Agravios de Notificación (SINAN). Los análisis estadísticos se realizaron mediante la prueba χ2 de Pearson y regresión de Poisson, con el uso del software Stata 14.1, donde se consideraron significativos valores de p menores que 0,05. Resultados La notificación de violencia interpersonal en el sexo femenino representó una frecuencia de 74,9 % (n=20.449; IC95 %: 74,4-75,4). Se observó que niñas y adultas mayores presentan un 35 % más de prevalencia de este agravio, comparadas con adolescentes. Existe una mayor frecuencia de este fenómeno en personas de color negro / pardo (RP: 1,07; IC95 %:1,05-1,08), comparadas con las de color blanco. Respecto a las características del agresor, se verificó mayor prevalencia en el grupo de edad de 25 años o más (RP: 1,09; IC95 %: 1,06-1,11), de sexo masculino (RP: 3,02; IC95 %: 2,88-3,17) y con sospecha de uso de alcohol en el momento de la agresión (IC95 %: 1,05-1,08). Con relación al evento, se observa una frecuencia 1,28 veces mayor en la vía pública. Conclusión Factores sociodemográficos, de comportamiento y experiencias personales de violencia influyen para que suceda este fenómeno

Resumo Objetivo Analisar os casos notificados de violência interpessoal contra as mulheres no estado do Espírito Santo. Métodos Estudo analítico, do tipo transversal, em que foram analisados os casos notificados de violência contra a mulher no período de 2011 a 2018 no Espírito Santo. Os dados que foram analisados neste estudo são resultantes das Fichas de Notificação/Investigação de Violência Interpessoal e Autoprovocada provenientes do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN). As análises estatísticas foram realizadas por meio do teste de Qui-quadrado e regressão de Poisson, utilizando o software Stata 14.1, sendo considerados significativos valores de p menores que 0,05. Resultados A notificação de violência interpessoal no sexo feminino representou frequência de 74,9% (n=20.449; IC95%: 74,4-75,4). Foi observado que crianças e idosas apresentaram 35% mais prevalência desse agravo comparada aos adolescentes. Há maior frequência desse fenômeno entre pessoas de cor preta / parda (RP: 1,07; IC95%:1,05-1,08) comparada àquelas de cor branca. Quanto às características do agressor verifica-se maior prevalência na faixa etária de 25 anos e mais (RP: 1,09; IC95%: 1,06-1,11), do sexo masculino (RP: 3,02; IC95%: 2,88-3,17) e sob suspeita de uso de álcool no momento da agressão (IC95%: 1,05-1,08). Em relação ao evento, nota-se uma frequência 1,28 vezes maior em via pública. Conclusão Fatores sociodemográficos, comportamentais e experiências pessoais de violência influenciam a ocorrência do fenômeno.

https://doi.org/10.37689/acta-ape/2023ao00181

The SISBIOTA-Diptera Brazilian Network: A long-term survey of Diptera from unexplored Brazilian Western Arc of Amazon, Cerrado, and Pantanal
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Lamas, Carlos José Einicker

; Fachin, Diego Aguilar

; Falaschi, Rafaela Lopes

; Alcantara, Daniel Máximo Correa de

; Ale-Rocha, Rosaly

; Amorim, Dalton de Souza

; Araújo, Maíra Xavier

; Ascendino, Sharlene

; Baldassio, Letícia

; Bellodi, Carolina Ferraz

; Bravo, Freddy

; Calhau, Julia

; Capellari, Renato Soares

; Carmo-Neto, Antonio Marcelino do

; Cegolin, Bianca Melo

; Couri, Márcia Souto

; Carvalho, Claudio José Barros de

; Dios, Rodrigo de Vilhena Perez

; Falcon, Aida Vanessa Gomez

; Fusari, Livia Maria

; Garcia, Carolina de Almeida

; Gil-Azevedo, Leonardo Henrique

; Gomes, Marina Morim

; Graciolli, Gustavo

; Gudin, Filipe Macedo

; Henriques, Augusto Loureiro

; Krolow, Tiago Kütter

; Mendes, Luanna Layla

; Limeira-de-Oliveira, Francisco

; Maia, Valéria Cid

; Marinoni, Luciane

; Mello, Ramon Luciano

; Mello-Patiu, Cátia Antunes de

; Morales, Mírian Nunes

; Oliveira, Sarah Siqueira

; Patiu, Claudemir

; Proença, Barbara

; Pujol-Luz, Cristiane Vieira de Assis

; Pujol-Luz, José Roberto

; Rafael, José Albertino

; Riccardi, Paula Raile

; Rodrigues, João Paulo Vinicios

; Roque, Fabio de Oliveira

; Sallum, Maria Anice Mureb

; Santis, Marcelo Domingos de

; Santos, Charles Morphy Dias dos

; Santos, Josenilson Rodrigues dos

; Savaris, Marcoandre

; Shimabukuro, Paloma Helena Fernandes

; Silva, Vera Cristina

; Schelesky-Prado, Daniel de Castro

; Silva-Neto, Alberto Moreira da

; Camargo, Alexssandro

; Sousa, Viviane Rodrigues de

; Urso-Guimarães, Maria Virginia

; Wiedenbrug, Sofia

; Yamaguchi, Carolina

; Nihei, Silvio Shigueo

Revista Brasileira de Entomologia

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2023, Volume 67 N. 4 elocation e20230051

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT The SISBIOTA-BRASIL was a three-year multimillion-dollar research program of the Brazilian government to document plants and animals in endangered/understudied areas and biomes in Brazil. Distributional patterns and the historical events that generated them are extensively unknown regarding Brazilian fauna and flora. This deficiency hinders the development of conservation policies and the understanding of evolutionary processes. Conservation decisions depend on precise knowledge of the taxonomy and geographic distribution of species. Given such a premise, we proposed to research the diversity of Diptera of the Brazilian western arc of Amazon, Cerrado, and Pantanal in the states of Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, and Rondônia. Three important biomes of the South American continent characterize these Brazilian states: Amazon forest, Cerrado (Brazilian Savannah), and Pantanal. Besides their ecological relevance, these biomes historically lack intensive entomological surveys. Therefore, they are much underrepresented in the Brazilian natural history collections and in the scientific literature, which is further aggravated by the fact that these areas are being exponentially and rapidly converted to commercial lands. Our project involved over 90 collaborators from 24 different Brazilian institutions and one from Colombia among researchers, postdocs, graduate and undergraduate students, and technicians. We processed and analyzed nearly 300,000 specimens from ~60 families of Diptera collected with a large variety of methods in the sampled areas. Here, we provide a detailed overview of the genera and species diversity of 41 families treated. Our results point to a total of 2,130 species and 514 genera compiled and identified for the three states altogether, with an increase of 41% and 29% in the numbers of species and genera known for the three states combined, respectively. Overall, the 10 most species-rich families were Tachinidae, Cecidomyiidae, Tabanidae, Psychodidae, Sarcophagidae, Stratiomyidae, Bombyliidae, Syrphidae, Tephritidae, and Asilidae. The 10 most diverse in the number of genera were Tachinidae, Stratiomyidae, Asilidae, Mycetophilidae, Syrphidae, Tabanidae, Muscidae, Dolichopodidae, Sarcophagidae, and Chloropidae. So far, 111 scientific papers were published regarding taxonomic, phylogenetic, and biogeographical aspects of the studied families, with the description of 101 new species and three new genera. We expect that additional publications will result from this investigation because several specimens are now curated and being researched by specialists.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9665-rbent-2023-0051

Periodontitis in sheep in Pernambuco, Northeastern Brazil
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Wicpolt, Nathalia S.

; Lima, Telma S.

; Silva-Filho, Givaldo B.

; Bom, Hisadora A.S.C.

; Fonseca, Silvio M.C.

; Silva, Mariana R.

; Almeida, Valdir M.

; Riet-Correa, Franklin

; Souza, Francisco A.L.

; Mendonça, Fábio S.

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira

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2022, Volume 42 elocation e07074

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO: Descrevem-se casos de periodontite em ovinos provenientes das regiões do Agreste e Zona da Mata de Pernambuco, Nordeste do Brasil. Informações sobre raça, idade e sexo dos animais afetados bem como os aspectos clínicos e patológicos dos surtos foram obtidos a partir de visitas às propriedades e são reportados. 15 animais de um total de 450 ovinos da raça Santa Inês, com idade entre três a doze anos de idade manifestaram baixa condição corporal, pelagem sem brilho e dificuldade de alimentar-se, acompanhado de dor à palpação na região mandibular. O exame físico da cavidade oral dos animais afetados e os achados post mortem de indivíduos abatidos revelaram graus variados de periodontite, desgaste, fratura, mobilidade e perda dentária, associados a retração gengival, presença de biofilme e compactação de resíduos alimentares entre os dentes incisivos, pré-molares e molares. Em oito animais havia aumento de volume mandibular e em dois deles observaram-se abscessos fistulados que ocorreram exclusivamente nos dentes mandibulares. A ocorrência de periodontite em ovinos não têm sido registrada no Nordeste do Brasil, sendo estes os primeiros casos descritos na região.

ABSTRACT: Cases of periodontitis in sheep from the Agreste and Zona da Mata regions of Pernambuco, Northeastern Brazil, are described. Information on breed, age and sex of affected animals as well as clinical and pathological aspects of the disease were obtained during farm visits. Fifteen animals from a total of 450 Santa Inês sheep, aged between three and twelve years, showed low body condition score, dull coat, and difficulty in feeding followed by pain on palpation of the mandibular region. Physical examination of the oral cavity of affected animals and post mortem findings of slaughtered individuals revealed varying degrees of periodontitis, wear, fracture, mobility, and loss of teeth associated with gingival retraction, presence of biofilm and food packing between incisors, premolars and molars teeth. Increased mandibular volume was observed in eight animals and, in two of them, an abscess fistula, exclusively in mandibular teeth. The occurrence of periodontitis in sheep had not been recorded until now in Northeastern Brazil and, thus, this is the first description of cases in the region.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-7074

Absence of neutralizing antibodies against the Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant in convalescent sera from individuals infected with the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 virus or its Gamma variant
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Villas-Boas, Lucy Santos

; Paula, Anderson Vicente de

; Silva Jr., Almir Ribeiro da

; Paiao, Heuder Gustavo Oliveira

; Tozetto-Mendoza, Tania Regina

; Manuli, Erika Regina

; Leal, Fábio Eudes

; Ferraz, Andrea de Barros Coscelli

; Sabino, Ester Cerdeira

; Bierrenbach, Ana Luiza

; Witkin, Steven Sol

; Mendes-Correa, Maria Cassia

Clinics

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2022, Volume 77 elocation 100068

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Objectives: The aim of the present study was to evaluate if neutralizing antibody responses induced by infection with the SARS-CoV-2 strain that was dominant at the beginning of the pandemic or by the Gamma variant was effective against the Omicron variant. Methods: Convalescent sera from 109 individuals, never exposed to a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, who had mild or moderate symptoms not requiring hospitalization following either a documented SARS-CoV-2 ancestral strain infection or a Gamma variant infection, were assayed for in vitro neutralizing antibody activity against their original strains and the Omicron variant. Results: Following an infection with the ancestral strain, 56 (93.3%), 45 (77.6%) and 1 (1.7%) serum sample were positive for neutralizing antibodies against the ancestral, Gamma variant, and Omicron variant, respectively. After infection with the Gamma variant, 43 (87.8%) and 2 (4.1%) sera were positive for neutralizing antibodies against the Gamma and Omicron variants, respectively. Conclusions: Neutralizing antibodies generated following mild or moderate infection with the SARS-CoV-2 ancestral strain or the Gamma variant are not protective against the Omicron variant. HIGHLIGHTS Individuals previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 ancestral strain do not develop neutralizing antibodies against the Omicron variant. Omicron variant escapes immune response after SARS CoV-2 previous infection with the SARS CoV-2 Gamma variant. Individuals previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 ancestral strain or with SARS-CoV-2 Gamma variant will likely have little protection if subsequently exposed to the Omicron variant.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinsp.2022.100068

Minimally invasive swine spine surgery training: technical aspects, benefits, and anatomical limitations
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Gotfryd, Alberto Ofenhejm

; Paula, Fábio Chaud de

; Sauma, Marcel Lobato

; Iutaka, Alexandre Sadao

; Rodrigues, Luciano Miller Reis

; Meyer, Guilherme Pereira Correa

; Teivelis, Marcelo Passos

; Poetscher, Arthur Werner

; Del Curto, David

; Kang, Davi Wen Wei

; Cintra, Luciana

; Gregores, Guilherme Buzon

; Lenza, Mario

; Ferretti, Mario

einstein (São Paulo)

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2022, Volume 20 elocation eAO6318

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Objective To describe the technical specificities and feasibility of simulation of minimally invasive spine surgery in live pigs, as well as similarities and differences in comparison to surgery in humans. Methods A total of 22 Large White class swine models, weighing between 60 and 80kg, were submitted to surgical simulations, performed during theoretical-practical courses for training surgical techniques (microsurgical and endoscopic lumbar decompression; percutaneous pedicular instrumentation; lateral access to the thoracic spine, and anterior and retroperitoneal to the lumbar spine, and management of complications) by 86 spine surgeons. For each surgical technique, porcine anatomy (similarities and differences in relation to human anatomy), access route, and dimensions of the instruments and implants used were evaluated. Thus, the authors describe the feasibility of each operative simulation, as well as suggestions to optimize training. Study results are descriptive, with figures and drawings. Results Neural decompression surgeries (microsurgeries and endoscopic) and pedicular instrumentation presented higher similarities to surgery on humans. On the other hand, intradiscal procedures had limitations due to the narrow disc space in swines. We were able to simulate situations of surgical trauma in surgical complication scenarios, such as cerebrospinal fluid fistulas and excessive bleeding, with comparable realism to surgery on humans. Conclusion A porcine model for simulation of minimally invasive spinal surgical techniques had similarities with surgery on humans, and is therefore feasible for surgeon training.

https://doi.org/10.31744/einstein_journal/2022ao6318

Copper deficiency in dairy goats and kids
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Almeida, Valdir M.

; Lima, Telma S.

; Silva-Filho, Givaldo B.

; Bom, Hisadora A.S.C.

; Fonseca, Silvio M.C.

; Evêncio-Neto, Joaquim

; Souza, Francisco A.L.

; Riet-Correa, Franklin

; Mendonça, Fábio S.

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira

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2022, Volume 42 elocation e07162

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO: Descrevem-se os aspectos clínicos, patológicos e reprodutivos de um surto de deficiência de cobre em cabras leiteiras e em cabritos da região semiárida de Pernambuco, Brasil. Dez cabras leiteiras adultas com sinais clínicos de deficiência de cobre e quatro cabritos com ataxia enzoótica nascidos dessas cabras foram separados do rebanho e examinados. Nas cabras leiteiras, a concentração média de cobre sérico foi de 6,1±2,8mmol/L e a concentração média de ferro sérico foi de 39,5±8,2mmol/L. Nos cabritos, a concentração média de cobre sérico foi de 3,8±0,9mmol/L e a concentração média de ferro sérico foi de 38,5±4,1mmol/L. Os sinais clínicos nas cabras consistiram em mucosas pálidas, anemia, diarreia, acromotriquia, pelos opacos e quebradiços e alopecia. As principais alterações reprodutivas consistiram em anestro prolongado, reabsorção embrionária e aumento da taxa de retenção de placenta. Os cabritos nascidos vivos dessas cabras nasceram fracos, com ataxia neonatal ou desenvolveram ataxia tardia em até 70 dias de vida. Seis cabras leiteiras e quatro cabritos foram necropsiados. Nas cabras, a maioria dos ovários examinados macroscopicamente eram pequenos, firmes e não apresentavam folículos viáveis em sua superfície. Microscopicamente, houve redução de folículos viáveis, além de desorganização das estruturas foliculares, com marcada atresia folicular. Macroscopicamente não foram observadas alterações nos cabritos com ataxia enzoótica. As lesões histológicas observadas nesses cabritos consistiram em cromatólise neuronal e degeneração axonal, principalmente em neurônios da medula espinhal. Neste estudo a fonte dos altos teores de ferro no soro não foi identificada, mas sabe-se que surtos de deficiência de cobre podem ocorrer devido ao excesso de ingestão de ferro, principalmente quando não é fornecida suplementação mineral adequada para os rebanhos caprinos.

ABSTRACT: The clinical, pathological and reproductive aspects of an outbreak of copper deficiency in dairy goats and kids from the semiarid region of Pernambuco, Brazil are described. Ten adult dairy goats with clinical signs of deficiency and four kids presenting enzootic ataxia born from copper deficient does were separated from the herd, and examined. In the dairy goats, the average serum concentration of copper was 6.1±2.8mmol/L and iron was 39.5±8.2mmol/L. In kids, the average serum concentration of copper was 3.8±0.9mmol/L and iron was 38.5±4.1mmol/L. Clinical signs in dairy goats consisted of pale mucous membranes, anemia, emaciation, diarrhea, achromotrichia, brittle hair and alopecia. The main reproductive alterations consisted of prolonged anestrus, embryonic resorption and high indices of retained placenta. The kids born from copper deficient dairy goats were weak, and presented neonatal or late ataxia until 70 days of life. Six dairy goats and four kids were necropsied. Most ovaries examined were small, firm and did not present viable follicles on their surface. Microscopically, there was reduction of viable follicles in addition to disorganization of follicular and stromal structures, with marked follicular atresia. Microscopically, changes in kids with enzootic ataxia consisted of neuronal chromatolysis and axonal degeneration, mainly in neurons of the spinal cord. In this study, the source of high iron was not identified, but it is known that outbreaks of copper deficiency can occur due to excess iron intake, mainly when adequate mineral supplementation is not provided for the goat herds.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-7162

Can exergames be used as an alternative to conventional exercises?
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Silva, Leonardo Machado da

; Flôres, Fábio Saraiva

; Matheus, Silvana Correa

Motriz: Revista de Educação Física

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2021, Volume 27 elocation e1021020197

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Aim: The present study aimed to analyze if the exergaming exercise produces the same acute effects as conventional training. Methods: The Nintendo® Wii was chosen as the stimulus for this study. Participants should conduct a physical training session under Exergames Training (ET) and Conventional Training (CT). Both training conditions use two aerobic exercises and six strength exercises, which were always performed in the same sequence. The study group was composed of 30 young adults (16 men and 14 women, mean age of 23.7 ± 3.7 years). Results: Our findings showed significant results between pre and post-tests: the heart rate (HR) and the double product (DP) were higher in the post-exercise period, while the systolic blood pressure (SBP) was lower. Further analysis revealed that ET and CT conditions had no significant differences. ET condition showed to present similar results as CT condition to women (regarding HR, diastolic blood pressure - DBP, and DP), and to men (HR, SBP, and DBP). Conclusion: The present research showed that exergaming provides the same acute effects in physiological variables as conventional exercises. Thus, this kind of exercise can be a reliable way to improve the lifestyle of young adults.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1980-65742021019720 239 downloads

Fertilization factor associated with nitrogen sufficiency index for nitrogen topdressing fertilization in common bean
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Nascimento, Gustavo Henrique do

; Moraes, Luciana Correa

; Moreira, Silvino Guimarães

; Martins, Fábio Aurélio Dias

; Pimentel, Guilherme Vieira

Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical

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2021, Volume 51 elocation e69160

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO As atuais recomendações de doses de nitrogênio (N) podem não contemplar a dinâmica complexa do N no solo, o que pode implicar em insuficiência à demanda da cultura. Objetivou-se avaliar o uso de dois medidores portáteis de clorofila (Minolta SPAD 502 e ClorofiLOG modelo CFL 1030), após a definição do índice de suficiência de nitrogênio (ISN), para estimar o fator de adubação nitrogenada em genótipos modernos de feijão. Utilizou-se delineamento em blocos, com 4 repetições. Cada experimento foi composto por quatro tratamentos, com doses de 0; 5; 10; e 20 kg ha-1 de N para cada 1 % considerado abaixo do ISN definido como adequado para cada cultivar. Ao final do ciclo, foram avaliados os componentes de produção e a produtividade. Não foi possível a obtenção de ajustes precisos na metodologia para a cultivar TAA Gol. O fator de adubação de 12,5 kg ha-1 de N a cada 1 % abaixo do ISN de 90 % mostrou-se eficiente para a cultivar Pérola, quando utilizado o clorofilômetro SPAD-502. Em genótipos com características de porte e ciclo semelhantes às da cultivar BRSMG Uai e linhagem VR 20, com a utilização de fator de adubação entre 14 e 16 kg ha-1 de N, o ISN de 95 % deve ser reduzido, visando aumentar a eficiência da adubação nitrogenada.

ABSTRACT The current recommendations for nitrogen (N) doses may not contemplate the complex dynamics of N in the soil, what may imply in insufficiency to the crop demand. This study aimed to evaluate the use of two portable chlorophyll meters (Minolta SPAD 502 and ClorofiLOG model CFL 1030), after defining the nitrogen sufficiency index (NSI), to estimate the nitrogen fertilization factor in modern bean genotypes. A block design was used, with four replications. Each experiment consisted of four treatments, with doses of 0, 5, 10 and 20 kg ha-1 of N for each 1 % considered below the NSI defined as adequate for each cultivar. At the end of the cycle, the production components and yield were evaluated. It was not possible to obtain precise adjustments in the methodology for the TAA Gol cultivar. The fertilization factor of 12.5 kg ha-1 of N for each 1 % below the NSI of 90 % proved to be efficient for the Pérola cultivar, when the SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter was used. In genotypes with size and cycle characteristics similar to those of the BRSMG Uai cultivar and the VR 20 strain, using a fertilization factor between 14 and 16 kg ha-1 of N, the NSI of 95 % must be reduced, in order to increase the efficiency of the nitrogen fertilization.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632021v5169160

Preservação da privacidade no enfrentamento da COVID-19: dados pessoais e a pandemia global
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Almeida, Bethania de Araujo

; Doneda, Danilo

; Ichihara, Maria Yury

; Barral-Netto, Manoel

; Matta, Gustavo Correa

; Rabello, Elaine Teixeira

; Gouveia, Fabio Castro

; Barreto, Mauricio

Ciência & Saúde Coletiva

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jun 2020, Volume 25 Suppl. 1 Pages 2487 - 2492

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Dados ganham cada vez mais importância e valor na busca de respostas para enfrentar a COVID-19 tanto para a ciência quanto para as autoridades sanitárias. Em virtude da dificuldade de realizar diagnóstico da infecção na população em geral, iniciativas apoiadas em tecnologias digitais vêm sendo desenvolvidas por governos ou empresas privadas para possibilitar rastreamentos de sintomas, contatos e deslocamentos de modo a apoiar estratégias de acompanhamento e avaliação na vigilância de contágios. A despeito da importância e necessidade dessas iniciativas, questionamentos acerca da quantidade e tipos de dados pessoais coletados, processados, compartilhados e utilizados em nome da saúde pública, bem como os concomitantes ou posteriores usos desses dados, suscitam questionamentos éticos, legais e técnicos. Desafios que apontam para a necessidade de novos modelos de governança de dados e de tecnologias, responsáveis e transparentes, para controlar o Sars-Cov2 e as futuras emergências de saúde pública.

Abstract Data has become increasingly important and valuable for both scientists and health authorities searching for answers to the COVID-19 crisis. Due to difficulties in diagnosing this infection in populations around the world, initiatives supported by digital technologies are being developed by governments and private companies to enable the tracking of the public's symptoms, contacts and movements. Considering the current scenario, initiatives designed to support infection surveillance and monitoring are essential and necessary. Nonetheless, ethical, legal and technical questions abound regarding the amount and types of personal data being collected, processed, shared and used in the name of public health, as well as the concomitant or posterior use of this data. These challenges demonstrate the need for new models of responsible and transparent data and technology governance in efforts to control SARS-COV2, as well as in future public health emergencies.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232020256.1.11792020 6002 downloads

10.

[SciELO Preprints] - Personal data usage and privacy considerations in the COVID-19 global pandemic
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Almeida, Bethania Doneda, Danilo Ichihara, Maria Yury Barral-Netto, Manoel Correa Matta , Gustavo Teixeira Rabello , Elaine Castro Gouveia , Fabio Barreto , Mauricio

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Publication date: 2020-05-20

Abstract: En

Data has become increasingly important and valuable for both scientists and health authorities searching for answers to the COVID-19 crisis. Due to difficulties in diagnosing this infection in populations around the world, initiatives supported by digital technologies are being developed by governments and private companies to enable the tracking of the public’s symptoms, contacts and movements. Considering the current scenario, initiatives designed to support infection surveillance and monitoring are essential and necessary. Nonetheless, ethical, legal and technical questions abound regarding the amount and types of personal data being collected, processed, shared and used in the name of public health, as well as the concomitant or posterior use of this data. These challenges demonstrate the need for new models of responsible and transparent data and technology governance in efforts to control SARS-COV2, as well as in future public health emergencies.

https://doi.org/10.1590/SciELOPreprints.511

11.

[SciELO Preprints] - Personal data usage and privacy considerations in the COVID-19 global pandemic
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Almeida, Bethania Doneda, Danilo Ichihara , Maria Yury Barral-Netto, Manoel Matta, Gustavo Correa Rabello, Elaine Teixeira Gouveia, Fabio Castro Barreto, Mauricio

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Publication date: 2020-05-15

Abstract: En Pt

Data is becoming ever more critical and valuable for both scientists and health authorities searching for answers to the COVID-19 crisis. Due to difficulties in diagnosing this infection in populations around the world, initiatives supported by digital technologies have been developed by governments or private companies which enable the tracking of the public’s symptoms, contacts and movements. Considering the current scenario, these initiatives, designed to support the surveillance and monitoring of contagion, are essential and necessary.  Nonetheless, ethical, legal and technical questions remain unanswered regarding the amount and types of personal data being collected, processed, shared and used in the name of public health, as well as the concomitant or later use of this data. These challenges demonstrate the need for new models of responsible and transparent data and technology governance in efforts to control Sars-Cov2 as well as future public health emergencies.

Dados ganham cada vez mais importância e valor na busca de respostas para enfrentar a COVID-19 tanto para ciência quanto para as autoridades sanitárias. Em virtude da dificuldade de realizar diagnóstico da infecção na população em geral, iniciativas apoiadas em tecnologias digitais vem sendo desenvolvidas por governos ou empresas privadas para possibilitar rastreamentos de sintomas, contatos e deslocamentos para apoiar estratégias de acompanhamento e avaliação na vigilância de contágios. A despeito da importância e necessidade dessas iniciativas, questionamentos acerca da quantidade e tipos de dados pessoais coletados, processados, compartilhados e utilizados em nome da saúde pública, bem como os concomitantes ou posteriores usos desses dados, suscitam questionamentos éticos, legais e técnicos. Desafios que apontam para a necessidade de novos modelos de governança de dados e de tecnologias, responsáveis e transparentes, para controlar o Sars-Cov2 e as futuras emergências de saúde pública.

https://doi.org/10.1590/SciELOPreprints.421

12.

Brazilian Thoracic Society recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension
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Fernandes, Caio Julio Cesar dos Santos

; Ota-Arakaki, Jaquelina Sonoe

; Campos, Frederico Thadeu Assis Figueiredo

; Correa, Ricardo de Amorim

; Gazzana, Marcelo Basso

; Jardim, Carlos Vianna Poyares

; Jatene, Fábio Biscegli

; Alves Junior, Jose Leonidas

; Ramos, Roberta Pulcheri

; Tannus, Daniela

; Teles, Carlos

; Terra Filho, Mario

; Waetge, Daniel

; Souza, Rogerio

Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia

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2020, Volume 46 N. 4 elocation e20200204

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO A hipertensão pulmonar tromboembólica crônica (HPTEC) é uma doença grave e debilitante, causada pela oclusão do leito arterial pulmonar por êmbolos hemáticos e por material fibroso induzido pela presença desses êmbolos. Essa oclusão eleva a resistência vascular e, por consequência, a pressão do território arterial pulmonar, caracterizando a presença de hipertensão pulmonar. Esse aumento da carga imposta ao ventrículo direito leva a progressiva insuficiência do mesmo e, finalmente, ao óbito. No entanto, ao contrário das outras formas de hipertensão pulmonar, a HPTEC possui uma particularidade muito significativa: a existência de tratamento potencialmente curativo através da tromboendarterectomia pulmonar. Dessa forma, o objetivo primordial do manejo deve ser a avaliação do potencial cirúrgico do paciente em um centro de referência em HPTEC. Entretanto, nem todos os pacientes podem ser submetidos à cirurgia. Para esses pacientes outras alternativas terapêuticas viáveis são a angioplastia de artérias pulmonares e o tratamento farmacológico. Nestas recomendações, discutir-se-ão as bases fisiopatológicas para o surgimento de HPTEC, a partir da embolia pulmonar aguda, bem como o quadro clínico apresentado pelo paciente, o algoritmo diagnóstico a ser seguido e as alternativas terapêuticas disponíveis.

ABSTRACT Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a serious and debilitating disease caused by occlusion of the pulmonary arterial bed by hematic emboli and by the resulting fibrous material. Such occlusion increases vascular resistance and, consequently, the pressure in the region of the pulmonary artery, which is the definition of pulmonary hypertension. The increased load imposed on the right ventricle leads to its progressive dysfunction and, finally, to death. However, CTEPH has a highly significant feature that distinguishes it from other forms of pulmonary hypertension: the fact that it can be cured through treatment with pulmonary thromboendarterectomy. Therefore, the primary objective of the management of CTEPH should be the assessment of patient fitness for surgery at a referral center, given that not all patients are good candidates. For the patients who are not good candidates for pulmonary thromboendarterectomy, the viable therapeutic alternatives include pulmonary artery angioplasty and pharmacological treatment. In these recommendations, the pathophysiological bases for the onset of CTEPH, such as acute pulmonary embolism and the clinical condition of the patient, will be discussed, as will the diagnostic algorithm to be followed and the therapeutic alternatives currently available.

https://doi.org/10.36416/1806-3756/e20200204

13.

Not all viruses in nature are human enemies: a perspective on aquatic virus ecology in Brazil
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Junger, Pedro Ciarlini

; Almeida, Rafael Marques

; Mendonça, Raquel

; Farjalla, Vinicius Fortes

; Melo, Rossana Correa Netto de

; Roland, Fábio

; Barros, Nathan

Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia

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2020, Volume 32 elocation e105

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo: Os vírus causam doenças em humanos por meio de vetores (e.g., Zika e dengue), pelo ar (e.g., sarampo), pela água (e.g., hepatite) e por contato físico direto (e.g., AIDS e herpes). Recentemente, a pandemia do novo coronavírus (SARS-CoV-2) ocasionou a maior crise sanitária do século. No entanto, nem todos os vírus na natureza são inimigos humanos. Diversos estudos têm mostrado que a infecção viral é fundamental para o funcionamento de ecossistemas, afetando o ciclo de nutrientes, controlando o crescimento de algumas espécies e aumentando a biodiversidade. Esta mini-revisão apresenta uma perspectiva do papel ecológico dos vírus na natureza, com foco em ambientes aquáticos Brasileiros.

Abstract: Viruses cause various diseases in humans through vector-borne (e.g., Zika and dengue fever), airborne (e.g., measles) and water-borne (e.g., hepatitis) transmission, as well as direct physical contact (e.g., AIDS and herpes). Recently, the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has triggered the greatest global health crisis in a century. However, not all viruses in nature are human enemies. A vast body of literature indicates that viral infection is vital for ecosystem functioning by affecting nutrient cycling, controlling species growth and enhancing biodiversity. Here we provide a perspective on the ecological role of viruses in nature, with special focus on Brazilian aquatic ecosystems.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s2179-975x3720 1622 downloads

14.

Development of a conceptual framework for the management of biodiversity and ecosystem services in the Mexican Caribbean
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Sánchez-Quinto, Andrés

; Costa, Julliet Correa da

; Zamboni, Nadia S.

; Sanches, Fábio H. C.

; Principe, Silas C.

; Viotto, Evangelina V.

; Casagranda, Elvira

; Veiga-Lima, Francisco A. da

; Possamai, Bianca

; Faroni-Perez, Larisse

Biota Neotropica

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2020, Volume 20 Suppl. 1 elocation e20190901

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo: Recifes de coral e manguezais possuem rica biodiversidade e fornecem serviços ecossistêmicos, tais como, alimento, recreação, proteção costeira, entre outros. Esses ecossistemas encontram-se entre os mais ameaçados pelos processos de urbanização. Nesse contexto, desenvolvemos um roteiro conceitual para a gestão da biodiversidade e dos serviços ecossistêmicos desses ambientes costeiros. Organizamos nossa sequência de passos de trabalho em duas seções: “Base de informações” e “Governança” e usamos a região costeira da cidade de Puerto Morelos (México) como um estudo de caso para analisar o serviço de proteção de costa. Puerto Morelos encontra-se entre dois dos destinos mais turísticos do México (Playa del Carmen e Cancún), e portanto sua população vem aumentando nas últimas quatro décadas, resultando na intensificação de múltiplas ameaças para os ecossistemas. Primeiramente, caracterizamos os dois ecossistemas identificando-os como “Unidades de Gestão”, detalhando seus principais componentes e processos. Através de uma “Matriz de serviços ecossistêmicos”, construída com base na opinião de especialistas, foram sistematizados os principais serviços ecossistêmicos prestados pelos manguezais e recifes de corais aos múltiplos beneficiários. Em seguida, foi desenvolvida uma modelagem do sistema (e ecossistemas) através de sua representação na forma de um modelo conceitual e um modelo numérico de Biodiversidade Global. O modelo conceitual facilitou a compreensão dos processos de interação entre sistemas em relação ao serviço “Proteção Costeira”. O modelo numérico evidenciou as mudanças induzidas pelo homem na biodiversidade dos ecossistemas de manguezal e recifes de coral. Além disso, uma projeção dos cenários “melhor” e “pior” foi desenvolvida para 2035 usando GLOBIO3. A Estrutura conceitual DPSIR foi aplicada para analisar problemas ambientais relacionados à manutenção dos serviços ecossistêmicos. Finalmente, avaliamos um conjunto de políticas públicas associadas a esses ecossistemas e que favorecem a integridade da proteção costeira. Portanto, o roteiro facilitou a identificação dos principais processos e controles para a provisão de um serviço ecossistêmico. Além disso, pode ser útil para direcionar melhor as ações de gerenciamento, bem como, uma ferramenta para identificar necessidades futuras de planejamento e gestão para enfrentar desafios que permitam uma conservação mais eficaz dos ambientes costeiros.

Abstract: Coral reefs and mangroves support rich biodiversity and provide ecosystem services that range from food, recreational benefits and coastal protection services, among others. They are one of the most threatened ecosystems by urbanization processes. In this context, we developed a conceptual framework for the management of biodiversity and ecosystem services for these coastal environments. We based our workflow on two sections: “Information base” and “Governance” and use the Puerto Morelos Coastal region as a case study for coastal protection. Puerto Morelos is between two of the most touristic destinations of Mexico (Playa del Carmen and Cancun) that has experienced an increase of population in the past four decades resulting in an intensification of multiple threats to its ecosystems. We characterized the two ecosystems with a “Management Units” strategy. An expert-based ecosystem services matrix was also described in order to connect mangroves and coral reef ecosystems with the multiple beneficiaries. Then an ecosystem model (conceptual model and Global Biodiversity model) was developed. The conceptual model was useful in understanding the interplay processes between systems regarding the ecosystem service of “Coastal Protection”. The Global Biodiversity model evidenced the human-induced shifts in the biodiversity for mangrove and coral reefs ecosystems. Also, a projection for 2035 of “best” and “worst” scenarios was applied using GLOBIO3. A DPSIR conceptual framework was used to analyze environmental problems regarding ecosystem services maintenance. Finally, we evaluated a set of policies associated with these ecosystems that favor coastal protection integrity. This framework facilitates the identification of the most relevant processes and controls about the provision of coastal protection service. It can also be useful to better target management actions and as a tool to identify future management needs to tackle the challenges preventing more effective conservation of coastal environments.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2019-0901 2101 downloads

15.

Preservação da privacidade no enfrentamento da COVID-19: dados pessoais e a pandemia global
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Almeida, Bethania de Araujo

; Doneda, Danilo

; Ichihara, Maria Yury

; Barral-Netto, Manoel

; Matta, Gustavo Correa

; Rabello, Elaine Teixeira

; Gouveia, Fabio Castro

; Barreto, Mauricio

Ciência & Saúde Coletiva

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2020, Volume 25 Suppl. 1 Pages 2487 - 2492

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232020256.1.11792020

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