Abstract Background: Studies on social participation point out some limitations in participatory architecture. For this reason, the World Health Organization designed a model with key components for bringing civil society and governments closer together. Objectives: This study aimed to identify the aspects that influence participation based on the components proposed by the World Health Organization. Methodology: This case study used a qualitative and cross-sectional approach. Data were collected through document analysis, non-participant observation, and semi-structured interviews in 2020 and 2021 with the municipal health council members of an inland city in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Results: Weaknesses were observed in the council’s institutional structure, such as excessive bureaucracy, lack of user representativeness, and council members’ insecurity regarding the municipality’s health-related economic-financial issues. Conclusion: There is a need to strengthen the culture of participation in this municipal health council, disseminate the activities developed, and reformulate the technical-bureaucratic dynamics that predominate in this environment.

Resumen Marco contextual: Los estudios sobre participación social señalan algunas limitaciones en la arquitectura participativa, por lo que la Organización Mundial de la Salud ha diseñado un modelo que hace hincapié en las dimensiones constitutivas para acercar a la sociedad civil y a los gobiernos. Objetivos: El estudio pretendía identificar los elementos que influyen en la participación en función de las dimensiones propuestas por la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Metodología: Se trata de un estudio de caso, con un enfoque cualitativo y transversal, que se llevó a cabo mediante el análisis documental, la observación no participante y entrevistas semiestructuradas en los años 2020 y 2021 con los consejeros del CMS de una ciudad brasileña del interior del estado de São Paulo. Resultados: Se observaron deficiencias en las arquitecturas institucionales del consejo estudiado, tales como la excesiva burocracia, la falta de representatividad de los usuarios, la inseguridad de los consejeros en los asuntos económicos y financieros relacionados con la salud del municipio. Conclusión: Se sugiere la necesidad de fortalecer la cultura participativa en el consejo municipal de salud estudiado, sobre todo la necesidad de difundir las acciones desarrolladas y reformular la lógica tecnoburocrática predominante en este entorno.

Resumo Enquadramento: Estudos sobre a participação social apontam algumas limitações na arquitetura participativa, razão pela qual a Organização Mundial da Saúde desenhou um modelo que enfatiza as dimensões constitutivas para aproximar a sociedade civil e os governos. Objetivos: O estudo buscou identificar os elementos que influenciam a participação à luz das dimensões propostas pela Organização Mundial da Saúde. Metodologia: Trata-se de estudo de caso, com abordagem qualitativa e transversal, que foi realizado por meio de análise documental, observação não participante e entrevistas semiestruturadas nos anos de 2020 e 2021 com os conselheiros do Conselho Municipal de Saúde de uma cidade brasileira do interior do Estado de São Paulo. Resultados: Foram observadas fragilidades nas arquiteturas institucionais do Conselho estudado, tais como o excesso de burocracia, falta de representatividade dos utilizadores, insegurança por parte dos conselheiros nos assuntos económico-financeiros relacionados à saúde do município. Conclusão: Conclui-se pela necessidade de fortalecimento da cultura participativa no Conselho Municipal de Saúde estudado, destacando-se a necessidade de divulgação das ações desenvolvidas e reformulação da lógica tecnoburocrática predominante neste ambiente.

Resumo As companhias aéreas devem avaliar constantemente os custos e a eficiência dos indicadores de desempenho de suas operações para estabelecer uma estratégia de negócio competitiva. Este estudo tem como objetivo investigar a relevância de alguns indicadores de desempenho na gestão e eficiência operacional de companhias aéreas. Com o uso de uma regressão de dados em painel referente às quatro maiores companhias aéreas brasileiras até o momento dos dados considerados no estudo (2009 a 2017) - Avianca, Azul, Gol e Latam, os resultados demonstram que a eficiência operacional é alcançada quando há uma maior oferta de rotas e frequência de voos para atender à demanda de passageiros, gerando maior receita por passageiro-quilômetro (RPK). Por outro lado, a etapa de voo mais curta e o número reduzido de decolagens afetam de forma inversamente proporcional a eficiência operacional em função do consumo de combustível e eficiência energética das aeronaves. Por meio da análise desses indicadores de desempenho, é possível definir estratégias que subsidiam a tomada de decisão para aumentar a eficiência operacional das companhias aéreas.

Abstract Airlines must constantly evaluate the costs and efficiency of their operational performance indicators to establish a competitive business market strategy. This study aims to investigate the relevance of some performance indicators of airline´s management and operational efficiency. With the use of a panel data regression for the four largest private Brazilian airlines - Avianca, Azul, Gol, and Latam, from 2009 to 2017, the results show that operational efficiency is achieved when there is a greater offer of routes and flight frequency to meet passenger demand, generating higher revenue passenger kilometer (RPK). On the other hand, shorter stage length and reduced takeoff numbers affect inversely proportional the operating efficiency as a function of fuel consumption and energy capacity. Through the analysis of these performance indicators, it is possible to determine strategies that support decision making to increase the operational efficiency of airlines.

Abstract Identifying and measuring innovation at airports becomes necessary not only to point out the elements of its management or infrastructure to be improved, but also to raise opportunities for innovation, with the aim to collaborate for the best efficiency of air transport. In this sense, this study concerns innovation management applied to airports given the limitations in the state of the art related to measuring innovation in this type of organization. The integrated perception of different airport stakeholders has been collected from a survey with 70 Brazilian professionals specialized in the subject, namely researchers, airports, airlines, and the aeronautics industry managers, in a proposal to measure the level of airport innovation from different indicators. The results proposed an algorithm for an Airport Integrated Innovation Index (AI3), composed by 38 measurable variables related to innovation practices, procedures, and infrastructure elements such as new biometric passenger identification systems, real-time passenger flight tracking systems, new types of runway pavement, and actions to reduce airport operational restrictions. This model can be used in airports of different categories (national or international) and sizes (small, medium, or large). It may be adapted for different countries and contexts according to their markets and organizational cultures.

OBJECTIVES: Adolescence is characterized by continuing profound mental, physical, and social changes and entering into the labor market during this phase may have negative consequences on physical and mental health. Common mental disorders (CMD) are characterized as disorders of mental functions, including symptoms of depression and anxiety as well as various nonspecific and somatic complaints such as reduced ability to concentrate, tiredness, irritation, and forgetfulness. Despite its increasing prevalence, few studies have addressed CMD and its association with work, in adolescents. In the present study, we aimed to identify the main factors associated with CMD and evaluated its association with work, in school adolescents. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 12 to 17-year-old adolescent students using a self-administered questionnaire with questions related to work. CMD was verified using the General Health Questionnaire of 12 items. In total, 3424 adolescents were studied. RESULTS: The prevalence of CMD and work in the last year was 28.72% and 19.63%, respectively. After adjustment for potential confounding variables, multivariate analysis showed associations of CMD with female gender (OR=2.72) and work (OR=1.70). CONCLUSION: In the present study, a high number of cases of CMD were observed among the studied adolescents. Female gender and work history in the last year were negatively and independently associated with the presence of CMD.

ABSTRACT: The choice of fleet by a given airline must consider different elements associated with both the aircraft and the airports to be operated, making it necessary a method to assist the aircraft choice process. This study assesses the take-off runway distance requirement of different aircraft models and compares the requirement to the take-off runway distance available at a group of airports. Using the Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI), the methodology consider the analysis of take-off runway length available on 80 Brazilian airports and compared it to the take-off distance required for 108 combinations of aircraft model, engine model and flight range, considering the take-off performance of the aircraft models with maximum payload weight. In total, 536 routes of four Brazilian airlines has been adopted to simulate the most profitable operating scenario. The result presents the take-off performance of different aircraft models and allows a performance comparison between them. In addition, this research investigates which is the most common flight range in Brazil, and what influence it exerts in the aircraft take-off performance, and contributes to a better match between the aircraft used and the airport operated in fleet optimization.

Abstract Aim: To compare the effects of different physical activities on laterality and asymmetry values through the side bridge test. Methods: the assessments were carried out in 45 subjects between 18 and 30 years old, 15 Crossfit-trained individuals, 15 weight trained and 15 sedentary. The subjects performed the side bridge test on both sides. After checking the normality and homogeneity of the data, we selected the appropriate statistical analysis for the comparison of the variables, adopting a significance level of α <0.05. Results: there was no statistical difference in the balance ratio; however, significant difference was found in the side bridge test endurance time, in which the Crossfit group obtained longer times on both sides than the other two groups. The side bridge test is a test of simple execution and that in this study the Crossfit group presented better results in the endurance time in the side bridge test. Conclusion: the results of the ratio asymmetry and endurance time are not sufficient to evaluate the resistance of the core muscles but could be an evaluation tool, the side bridge test can be introduced in postural training programs.

Abstract Identifying previous research subjects on innovation management in air transport provides not only updated references on new technologies in this industry, but also indicates which areas need to be prioritized in future research. A systematic literature review of publications in this field over the past decade, from 2005 to 2015, including 2016 publications in progress, was carried out, adopting as a control document the proceedings from the 19th ATRS World Conference, held in Singapore in 2015. The searches were done on ScienceDirect and included reports from over 2,500 journals. The abstracts, titles, and keywords were considered, and Boolean connectors were used. The term “innovation” was combined with at least one of eight different strings: air* (e.g., airport, airline, and aircraft), flight, transport, aviation, carrier, lcc, fsc and seat, which were identified as the terms with the highest frequency of incidence in the 129 files in the control document. From the 731 articles identified and analyzed, 92 were considered as directly related to innovation management in air transport. The results showed that the areas with a higher incidence of studies were the aircraft industry (energy efficiency, industrial process, and noise and pollutant emission reduction), airlines (business model, IT and planning and management), policies (sustainable transport, incentive mechanisms and societal aspirations), and airport (services, security, self-financing and air traffic control and projects). From this review, it was determined that, in addition to the limited studies on this subject, there is also a lack of research on innovations in airport structure, such as runway pavements and the optimization of airport sites, as well as on new forms of disposal of wastes generated during the flight, crew training and integrated innovation planning in the sector. These can direct future studies on the subject in the four application areas identified and promote the development of an integrated innovation system in air transport management.

Resumo O artigo foi construído a partir de uma pesquisa exploratória e documental que investigou as matrizes curriculares dos cursos de Medicina de três instituições de ensino superior (IES), buscando identificar o peso que atribuem a uma formação mais humanista dos seus estudantes, nos moldes do Programa Mais Médicos (PMM). Foram examinadas duas instituições brasileiras, uma pública e uma privada, ambas no Rio de Janeiro e uma terceira, cubana. Na formação dos médicos cubanos nota-se uma intensidade nas disciplinas categorizadas como Formação em Saúde Pública. Na contramão desse desenho, tem-se que a formação do médico brasileiro reflete o conflito entre o ensino e a realidade do país, visível na dificuldade em formar médicos para atuarem na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) e em fixá-los nos mais remotos lugares do Brasil.

Abstract The article was constructed from an exploratory, documentary research and investigates the curricular matrices of the medicine courses of three higher education institutions, trying to identify the weight they give to a more humanistic education of their students, in accordance with what is recommended by the More Doctors Program (PMM). Two Brazilian institutions were examined, one public and one private, both in Rio de Janeiro, and also a third institution, located in Cuba. In the education of Cuban doctors, importance is given to disciplines categorized as "Public Health Education". Contrary to this design, the education of Brazilian doctors reflects the conflict between teaching and the reality of the country, visible in the difficulty in educating doctors to work in primary care and in retaining them in the most remote places of Brazil.

Resumen El artículo fue elaborado a partir de una investigación exploratoria y documental e investiga las matrices curriculares de los cursos de Medicina de tres Instituciones de Enseñanza Superior, buscando identificar el peso que atribuyen a una formación más humanista de sus estudiantes, en los moldes del "Programa Más Médicos "(PMM). Se examinaron dos instituciones brasileñas, una pública y una privada, ambas en Río de Janeiro y una tercera, cubana. En la formación de los médicos cubanos se nota una intensidad en las disciplinas categorizadas como "Formación en Salud Pública". En contra de ese diseño se tiene que la formación del médico brasileño refleja el conflicto entre la enseñanza y la realidad del país, visible en la dificultad en formar médicos para actuar en la Atención Primaria a la Salud y en fijarlos en los más remotos lugares de Brasil.

Resumo O artigo foi construído a partir de uma pesquisa exploratória e documental que investigou as matrizes curriculares dos cursos de Medicina de três instituições de ensino superior (IES), buscando identificar o peso que atribuem a uma formação mais humanista dos seus estudantes, nos moldes do Programa Mais Médicos (PMM). Foram examinadas duas instituições brasileiras, uma pública e uma privada, ambas no Rio de Janeiro e uma terceira, cubana. Na formação dos médicos cubanos nota-se uma intensidade nas disciplinas categorizadas como Formação em Saúde Pública. Na contramão desse desenho, tem-se que a formação do médico brasileiro reflete o conflito entre o ensino e a realidade do país, visível na dificuldade em formar médicos para atuarem na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) e em fixá-los nos mais remotos lugares do Brasil.

Abstract The article was constructed from an exploratory, documentary research and investigates the curricular matrices of the medicine courses of three higher education institutions, trying to identify the weight they give to a more humanistic education of their students, in accordance with what is recommended by the More Doctors Program (PMM). Two Brazilian institutions were examined, one public and one private, both in Rio de Janeiro, and also a third institution, located in Cuba. In the education of Cuban doctors, importance is given to disciplines categorized as "Public Health Education". Contrary to this design, the education of Brazilian doctors reflects the conflict between teaching and the reality of the country, visible in the difficulty in educating doctors to work in primary care and in retaining them in the most remote places of Brazil.

Resumen El artículo fue elaborado a partir de una investigación exploratoria y documental e investiga las matrices curriculares de los cursos de Medicina de tres Instituciones de Enseñanza Superior, buscando identificar el peso que atribuyen a una formación más humanista de sus estudiantes, en los moldes del "Programa Más Médicos "(PMM). Se examinaron dos instituciones brasileñas, una pública y una privada, ambas en Río de Janeiro y una tercera, cubana. En la formación de los médicos cubanos se nota una intensidad en las disciplinas categorizadas como "Formación en Salud Pública". En contra de ese diseño se tiene que la formación del médico brasileño refleja el conflicto entre la enseñanza y la realidad del país, visible en la dificultad en formar médicos para actuar en la Atención Primaria a la Salud y en fijarlos en los más remotos lugares de Brasil.

ABSTRACT: The existing relations between the supply of air transport services and economic development have been a relevant area of research in transport management. This study aims to analyze the influence of the productive performance of some Brazilian exported commodities over the demand for regional passenger air transportation on the regions where those commodities are produced. In order to do so, this study used the linear regression method, checking what the relations are, if any exist, between the productive performance of those areas and the supply and demand for passenger seats in airports located in areas producing those commodities. The mathematical model used was validated with a control model that, in its turn, examined the correlation between macroeconomic and population aggregates and the global domestic demand for passenger air travel. The results show ambiguous relations between explicative and dependent variables, because in some localities the correlation was significantly higher than in others. The main contribution is to analyze how the regional aviation market is exposed to the productive performance on markets with high level of economic specialization.

RESUMO O cultivo de diferentes espécies de plantas de cobertura possibilita a melhoria e a conservação do solo e da matéria orgânica, além de promover consideráveis aumentos de rendimento nas culturas subsequentes, com significativos ganhos econômicos. Objetivou-se avaliar o crescimento e produtividade de milho-verde sobre diferentes coberturas de solo no sistema plantio direto (SPD) orgânico. O trabalho foi disposto em delineamento de blocos casualizados, com 6 repetições e 5 sistemas de produção, constituídos por 3 coberturas de solo no SPD orgânico, com palha de aveia-preta, palha de tremoço-branco e palha do consórcio aveia-preta/tremoço-branco, assim como 2 sistemas sem palhada e com revolvimento do solo, um orgânico e outro convencional. Foram realizadas avaliações de diâmetro do colmo, de altura de planta e da inserção de espiga, nos estádios V5, V10 e R3, número total de espigas comerciais, produtividade total de espigas com palha e sem palha, peso médio de espigas com palha e sem palha, produtividade, peso médio e percentual de espigas comerciais, comprimento e diâmetro de espigas comerciais sem palha. O SPD orgânico sobre a palha de tremoço-branco em solteiro e em consórcio com aveia-preta proporcionou maior crescimento das plantas de milho nos estádios inicias da cultura. O uso de tremoço-branco solteiro ou em consórcio com aveia-preta apresentou-se como boa opção para formação de palha no SPD orgânico, garantindo crescimento e produtividade satisfatórios para a cultura do milho-verde.

ABSTRACT The cultivation of different species of cover crops enables the improvement and conservation of soil and organic matter, in addition to promoting significant yield increases in subsequent crops, with significant economic gains. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth and productivity of green corn on different soil covers in an organic no-tillage system. The work used a randomized block design, with 6 repetitions and 5 treatments, consisting of 3 soil covers in an organic no-tillage system, with black oat straw, white lupine straw and straw of the intercropping oat/lupine, as well as 2 systems without straw and with revolved soil, an organic one and a conventional. Evaluations of culm diameter, plant height and insertion of the corn ears were carried out, at stages V5, V10 and R3, as well as of total number of marketable ears, the total productivity of ears with and without straw, average weight of ears with and without straw, productivity, average weight and percentage of marketable ears, length and diameter of marketable ears without straw. The organic no-tillage system on the white lupine straw in single and intercropped with black oat provided greater growth of corn plants at the early stages of culture. The use of white lupine single or intercropped with black oat showed itself as good option for straw training in an organic no-tillage system, ensuring satisfactory growth and productivity for the green corn crop.

RESUMO A qualidade pós-colheita do milho-verde varia de acordo com o tipo de semente, de solo, da qualidade do fertilizante utilizado, das condições climáticas e do estágio de maturação. Objetivou-se avaliar a qualidade pós-colheita e o tempo de prateleira de espigas de milho-verde cultivado sobre três coberturas de solo no sistema plantio direto orgânico. O trabalho foi desenvolvido no município de Domingos Martins-ES (20° 22' 16.91"S e 41° 03' 41.83"O), sendo disposto em delineamento de blocos casualizados, com seis repetições e cinco tratamentos, constituídos por três coberturas de solo no sistema plantio direto orgânico, palha de aveia-preta, tremoço-branco e consórcio aveia/tremoço e dois sistemas sem palhada, sendo um orgânico e um convencional. Foi utilizado o híbrido duplo de milho AG-1051 no espaçamento de 1,00 x 0,20 m. Foram realizadas avaliações de percentual relativo de grãos, palha e sabugo, pH, acidez titulável total, sólidos solúveis totais, umidade dos grãos e tempo de prateleira. O uso de diferentes palhadas no sistema plantio direto orgânico não influencia a qualidade pós-colheita do milho-verde. As espigas embaladas em bandeja de poliestireno expandido com filme de PVC apresentam-se aptas a comercialização até o quinto dia de armazenamento em temperatura ambiente.

ABSTRACT Postharvest quality of sweet maize varies depending on the type of seed, soil, quality of fertilizer, climatic conditions, and stage of maturation. This study aimed to evaluate the post-harvest quality and shelf life of green ears of maize grown on three soil covers in organic no-till sytem. The study was conducted in the municipality of Domingos Martins, ES (20° 22'16.91" S and 41° 03' 41.83" W). The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with six replications and five treatments, consisting of three cover crops in organic no-till system: black-oat straw, white lupin, oat/lupin intercrop and two systems, organic and conventional, without straw. Maize double hybrid AG-1051 was sown in a spacing of 1.00 x 0.20 m. The variables evaluated included relative percentage of grain, straw and cob, pH, titratable acidity, soluble solids, grain moisture and shelf life. The use of different straws in the organic no-till system does not influence the postharvest quality of green ears. Ears packed in polystyrene trays with plastic film are suitable for marketing until the fifth day of storage at room temperature.

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the incidence of nerve communication between the musculocutaneous and median nerve . Methods: Anatomical dissection of 40 limbs from 20 fetal cadavers was performed at the Laboratory of Anatomy, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas e da Saúde da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo . Results: A communicating branch was found in 10 upper limbs. In nine limbs there was a musculocutaneous-median anastomosis (type I); and in one limb there was a median-musculocutaneous anastomosis (type II) . Conclusion: It is very important to know these anatomical variations, especially when considering clinical examination, diagnostic, prognostic and surgical treatment. Level of Evidence IV, Case Series.

Objective : This paper reports the incidence, origin, course and anatomical relationships of intramuscular Martin-Gruber anastomosis. Methods : Anatomical dissection of 100 limbs from 50 adults cadavers was performed. The intramuscular Martin-Gruber anastomosis was found in five forearms, three in the right and two in the left side, one was bilateral. All communication were located between the anterior interosseous nerve and the ulnar nerve. Conclusion : The purpose of intramuscular Martin-Gruber anastomosis, which we found in 5% of dissected limbs, is to supply the flexor digitorum profundus muscle and it is unlikely to have any influence on the innervation of the intrinsic muscles of the hand. Level of Evidence IV, Cases Series.

OBJETIVOS: Descrever anatomicamente a anastomose de Martin-Gruber e reconhecer suas repercussões clínicas. MÉTODO: Foram dissecados 100 antebraços de 50 cadáveres adultos no laboratório de anatomia. A dissecção foi feita através uma incisão mediana em todo o antebraço e terço inferior do braço, dois retalhos incluindo a pele e subcutâneo foram rebatidos, para o lado radial e ulnar respectivamente. RESULTADOS: A comunicação nervosa entre os nervos medianos e ulnar no antebraço (anastomose de Martin-Gruber) foi registrada em 27 antebraços. Classificamos a anastomose em seis tipos. Tipo I: anastomose entre o nervo interósseo anterior e o nervo ulnar (nove membros); Tipo II: anastomose entre o nervo interósseo anterior e o nervo ulnar em dois pontos (dupla anastomose - dois membros); Tipo III: anastomose entre o mediano e o nervo ulnar (quatro membros); Tipo IV: anastomose entre ramos dos nervos mediano e ulnar destinada ao músculo flexor profundo os dedos, esses fascículos formam uma alça de convexidade distal (cinco membros); Tipo V: anastomose intramuscular (cinco membros); Tipo VI: anastomose entre ramo do nervo mediano para o músculo flexor superficial e nervo ulnar (dois membros). CONCLUSÃO: O conhecimento das variações anatômicas em relação à inervação da mão tem importância relevante, principalmente quando se considera o exame físico, diagnóstico, prognóstico e tratamento cirúrgico. Se essas variações não forem valorizadas, erros e consequências serão inevitáveis.

OBJECTIVE: The main objective of this study was to describe Martin-Gruber anastomosis anatomically and to recognize its clinical repercussions. METHOD: 100 forearms of 50 adult cadavers were dissected in an anatomy laboratory. The dissection was performed by means of a midline incision along the entire forearm and the lower third of the upper arm. Two flaps including skin and subcutaneous tissue were folded back on the radial and ulnar sides, respectively. RESULTS: Nerve communication between the median and ulnar nerves in the forearm (Martin-Gruber anastomosis) was found in 27 forearms. The anastomosis was classified into six types: type I: anastomosis between the anterior interosseous nerve and the ulnar nerve (n = 9); type II: anastomosis between the anterior interosseous nerve and the ulnar nerve at two points (double anastomosis) (n = 2); type III: anastomosis between the median nerve and the ulnar nerve (n = 4); type IV: anastomosis between branches of the median nerve and ulnar nerve heading toward the flexor digitorum profundus muscle of the fingers; these fascicles form a loop with distal convexity (n = 5); type V: intramuscular anastomosis (n = 5); and type VI: anastomosis between a branch of the median nerve to the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle and the ulnar nerve (n = 2). CONCLUSION: Knowledge of the anatomical variations relating to the innervation of the hand has great importance, especially with regard to physical examination, diagnosis, prognosis and surgical treatment. If these variations are not given due regard, errors and other consequences will be inevitable.