ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the incidence of malaria among indigenous people associated with the presence of artisanal miningin the state of Pará. Method: Analytical, cross-sectional study conducted with 20,774 cases of malaria in indigenous people in the state of Pará (2011 to 2020). The data came from the Malaria Epidemiological Surveillance Information System, obtained from the Pará State Department of Public Health. In the analysis, Spearman’s correlation coefficient was used, with a significance of 5% (p < 0.05). Results: Incidence rates were high, especially in the Tapajós River Indigenous Special Health District (372.2/1,000 inhabitants). There was association between the incidence of malaria and the presence of indigenous people in artisanalmining activities on the Tapajós River (p=0.0008). Conclusion: The occurrence of malaria is unequal among the Special Indigenous Health Districts, being more frequent in those with greater mining activity, configuring exposure to the disease. It is necessary to adopt intersectoral measures, especially in areas of vulnerability to illness.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar la incidencia de malaria entre indígenas asociada a la presencia de la minería en el estado de Pará. Método: Estudio transversal analítico realizado con 20.774 casos de malaria entre indígenas del estado de Pará (2011 a 2020). Los datos provienen del Sistema de Información de Vigilancia Epidemiológica de la Malaria, obtenidos de la Secretaría de Salud Pública del Estado de Pará. En el análisis se utilizó el coeficiente de correlación de Spearman, con una significación del 5% (p < 0,05). Resultados: Las tasas de incidencia fueron altas, especialmente en el Distrito Sanitario Especial Indígena Río Tapajós (372,2/1.000 habitantes). Hubo asociación entre incidencia de malaria y la presencia de indígenas en las minas del Río Tapajós (p=0,0008). Conclusión: La ocurrencia de malaria es desigual entre los Distritos Especiales de Salud Indígena, siendo más frecuente en aquellos con mayor actividad minera, configurando la exposición a la enfermedad. Es necesario adoptar medidas intersectoriales, especialmente en áreas de vulnerabilidad a la enfermedad.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a incidência da malária entre indígenas associada à presença de garimpos no estado do Pará. Método: Estudo analítico, transversal, realizado com 20.774 casos de malária em indígenas do estado do Pará (2011 a 2020). Os dados foram oriundos do Sistema de Informação de Vigilância Epidemiológica da Malária, obtidos na Secretaria de Estado de Saúde Pública do Pará. Na análise, utilizou-se o coeficiente de correlação de Spearman, com significância de 5% (p < 0,05). Resultados: As taxas de incidência se mostraram elevadas, com destaque ao Distrito Sanitário Especial Indígena Rio Tapajós (372,2/1.000 habitantes). Houve associação entre incidência da malária e a presença dos indígenas nos garimpos no Rio Tapajós (p=0,0008). Conclusão: A ocorrência da malária é desigual entre Distritos Sanitários Especiais Indígenas, sendo mais incidente naqueles de maior atividade garimpeira, configurando exposição à doença. Faz-se necessária a adoção de medidas intersetoriais, sobretudo em áreas de vulnerabilidade ao adoecimento.

Abstract Despite the availability of in-office bleaching gels with a 6% concentration of hydrogen peroxide (HP), these gels have not been evaluated in younger patients. They are commercially available with a tip, associated or not with a brush, where the tip with a brush spreads the gel over the entire surface to have a smaller thickness (thin layer) since the manufacturers indicate the application of a thin layer of gel. Objective This randomized, split-mouth, double-blind clinical trial evaluated the efficacy of in-office bleaching with 6% HP in adolescents using different application tips, as well tooth sensitivity (TS) and aesthetic self-perception. Methodology Sixty participants were randomized for 6% HP self-mixing bleaching gel tip design: without brush and with brush. In-office bleaching was performed in 3 sessions of 50 minutes. Color change was evaluated using a digital spectrophotometer (ΔE ab , ΔE 00 , and ΔWI D ) and color guide (ΔSGU), the absolute risk and intensity of TS with a visual analogue scale and aesthetic self-perception with the oral aesthetic scale (a=0.05). Results The groups achieved similar bleaching regardless of the application tip (p>0.05). However, only for ΔWI D , a significant mean difference (MD) was observed in the third week (MD 2.3; 95% CI 1.2 to 3.3; p < 0.001) and at one month (MD 1.6; 95% CI 0.6 to 2.6; p < 0.03) favoring the tip without brush. Regarding TS, 45% in the tip-without-brush group and 33% in the tip-with-brush group reported TS (odds ratio 0.61; 95% CI 0.29 to 1.28; p<0.02), with low TS intensity (MD 0.05; 95% CI -0.06 to 0.17; p>0.36). All patients reported improved aesthetic self-perception after bleaching (MD -1.3; 95% -1.8 to -0.9; p<0.001). Conclusions Regardless of the tip used bleaching with 6% HP achieved a bleaching efficacy and improved the aesthetic self-perception. However, a lower risk of TS for application using the tip with brush was observed.

Abstract: Technological advances in bathymetric equipment, positioning capacity, data processing, as well as the development of new ways of obtaining depth and other ways of exploring the submerged bottom, have been noticed in recent years. It is known that acoustic remote sensing is the most widely used technique for depth measurement. Survey systems can be embedded on various platforms and also provide different accuracies. Coupled to these systems are also Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), auxiliary sensors and speed profilers, improving the accuracy of the data obtained. Alternatively to the use of echo sounders, optical sensing (active and passive sensors) or satellite radar altimetry can be used to estimate depth. Thus, this study aims to present an overview of bathymetric survey methodologies, as well as the evolution of the use of sounding platforms, systems and sensors and various existing technologies. In addition, the main uncertainties involved and the advantages and disadvantages of the available solutions are also evidenced, providing the reader the ability to choose the most appropriate technique.

Abstract: The use of acoustic systems for mapping submerged areas is the most accurate way. However, echosounders are expensive and, in addition, the equipment requires a great deal of experience on the part of the specialist. From another perspective, orbital and aerial images (acquired by RPA’s- Remotely Piloted Aircraft) can offer bathymetric maps of larger locations that are difficult to access at a low operating cost. Therefore, the present study’s main objective was to evaluate the utility of RGB images obtained with RPA’s in water reservoirs. Thus, Artificial Neural Networks were used for depth training and prediction. Subsequently, it compared to the bathymetric data from the same pond in question, raised from acoustic sensors, quantifying the vertical uncertainty through three estimators. Regarding the statistical analysis, the RMSE and Ф estimators showed better reliability. The 300-point sample showed the best quality in processing. The results showed that the methodology could improve the management of water resources. The method allows reduced execution time and lowers cost, especially for using only the green, red and blue channels, easily found in most cameras coupled to RPA’s.

PURPOSE:To analyze the effectiveness of bacterial cellulose hydrogel as a barrier in preventing postoperative peritoneal adhesion in rat model.METHODS:Experimental study with 45 Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) that were divided into three groups for the following treatments: A. Saline, B. Oxidized Regenerated Cellulose (ORC) barrier, and C Bacterial Cellulose Hydrogel (BCH) barrier. After 45 days of the surgery the adhesions were classified and graded according to the qualitative score. The histological parameters were evaluated using a modified semi-quantitative scale to rate the extent of fibrosis, inflammatory reaction and vascular proliferation.RESULTS:Compared with the saline group (A), the treatments with ORC barrier (B) and BHC barrier (C) resulted in a smaller number of adhesions (p=0.019 and p=0.003 on Fisher's exact test, respectively). Data from inflammation and neovascularization showed no statistically significant difference between the groups BHC and ORC (p=0.426 and 0.446 on chi-square test, respectively).CONCLUSION: Bacterial cellulose hydrogel is effective as a bio-re-absorbable barrier for preventing postoperative peritoneal adhesions.

Os objetivos deste artigo são apresentar e comparar os resultados do estudo de custo-efetividade da vacina antimeningocócica C conjugada, no qual inserimos novos dados de custos denominados de "gastos familiares" para tratamento de sequelas, coletados por entrevistas diretas com famílias de pessoas nessa situação, em relação ao modelo de análise apresentado por De Soarez et al, (2011), resultante de um projeto de pesquisa feito para o PNI (Programa Nacional de Imunização) sobre a viabilidade da antimeningocócica C na rotina de vacinação. Mostra-se como resultado que a inserção de novos custos modificou a relação de custo-efetividade da vacina em questão, tornando-a mais efetiva.

This paper aims to present and compare the results of the cost-effectiveness of antimeningococcal C conjugate vaccine, which insert new cost data, collected by personal interviews with families of people with sequels, called "family expenditures" for treatment of sequelae, compared to the analytical model presented by De Soarez et al. (2011), resulting from a research project done for the NIP (National immunization Program) on the feasibility of meningococcal C vaccine in routine vaccination. It is shown that as a result of the inclusion of new costs have changed the cost-effectiveness of the vaccine in question, making the vaccine more cost effective.

Os objetivos deste artigo são apresentar e comparar os resultados do estudo de custo-efetividade da vacina antimeningocócica C conjugada, no qual inserimos novos dados de custos denominados de "gastos familiares" para tratamento de sequelas, coletados por entrevistas diretas com famílias de pessoas nessa situação, em relação ao modelo de análise apresentado por De Soarez et al, (2011), resultante de um projeto de pesquisa feito para o PNI (Programa Nacional de Imunização) sobre a viabilidade da antimeningocócica C na rotina de vacinação. Mostra-se como resultado que a inserção de novos custos modificou a relação de custo-efetividade da vacina em questão, tornando-a mais efetiva.

This paper aims to present and compare the results of the cost-effectiveness of antimeningococcal C conjugate vaccine, which insert new cost data, collected by personal interviews with families of people with sequels, called "family expenditures" for treatment of sequelae, compared to the analytical model presented by De Soarez et al. (2011), resulting from a research project done for the NIP (National immunization Program) on the feasibility of meningococcal C vaccine in routine vaccination. It is shown that as a result of the inclusion of new costs have changed the cost-effectiveness of the vaccine in question, making the vaccine more cost effective.